Whii Final Exam People Id's

Front 1

Devshirme

Back 1

practice by which the Ottoman Empire conscripted boys from Christian families, who were taken from their families by force, converted to Islam, trained and enrolled in one of the four royal institutions: the Palace, the Scribes, the Religious and the Military.

Front 2

Utilitarianism

Back 2

the idea that the moral worth of an action is determined solely by its contribution to overall utility: that is, its contribution to happiness or pleasure as summed among all people.

Front 3

Isfahan

Back 3

located about 340 km south of Tehran and is the capital of Isfahan Province and Iran's third largest city

Front 4

miscegenation

Back 4

the mixing of different racial groups, that is, marrying, cohabiting, having sexual relations and having children with a partner from outside one's racially or ethnically defined group.

Front 5

Panipat

Back 5

ancient and historic city in Panipat District, Haryana state, India. It is 90 km from Delhi on NH-1 and comes under the National Capital Region of Delhi. Three battles fought at the city were turning points in Indian history.

Front 6

Istanbul

Back 6

the largest city in turkey, where Aya sophya is, formerly Constantinople, befoe conquered by mehmed II

Front 7

Republicanism

Back 7

the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by means other than heredity, often election

Front 8

Chaldiran

Back 8

The Battle of Chaldiran (also Chaldoran or Çaldıran) occurred on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire of Persia. As a result the Ottomans gained control over the north western part of Iran

Front 9

Hidden Imam

Back 9

the ultimate savior of humankind and the final Imām of the Twelve Imams

Front 10

Badallin

Back 10

the site of the most visited section of the Great Wall of China

Front 11

Fontanka

Back 11

a left branch of the river Neva, which flows through the whole of Central Saint Petersburg, Russia

Front 12

Tsarism

Back 12

a form of autocracy (later, absolute monarchy) specific to Grand Duchy of Muscovy (later known as the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire)

Front 13

Carlsbad Decrees

Back 13

a set of restrictions introduced in the states of the German Confederation by resolution of the Bundesversammlung on 20 September 1819 after a conference held in the spa town of Carlsbad, Bohemia, then part of the Austrian Empire

Front 14

Estates General

Back 14

the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General, a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm, the nobles, the Church and the common people

Front 15

The Starry Messenger

Back 15

a short treatise published in New Latin by Galileo Galilei in March 1610. It was the first scientific treatise based on observations made through a telescope. It contains the results of Galileo's early observations of the Moon, the stars, and the moons of Jupiter

Front 16

Qing

Back 16

the last ruling dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China.

Front 17

Ulama

Back 17

Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking.

Front 18

Madrassas

Back 18

the Arabic word of Semitic origin (viz Hebrew Midrash) for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious

Front 19

Battle of the Pyramids

Back 19

a battle fought on July 21, 1798 between the French army in Egypt under Napoleon Bonaparte, and local Mamluk forces

Front 20

Bushido

Back 20

a Japanese code of conduct and a way of the samurai life, loosely analogous to the concept of chivalry

Front 21

Shintoism

Back 21

the natural spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. significant religion in japan

Front 22

VOC

Back 22

Dutch East India Company, a chartered company established in 1602, when the States-General of the Netherlands granted it a 21-year monopoly to carry out colonial activities in Asia. It was the first multinational corporation in the world and the first company to issue stock

Front 23

Taekkyon

Back 23

a traditional Korean martial art with a dance-like appearance in some aspects

Front 24

Giri

Back 24

a Japanese value roughly corresponding to "duty", "obligation", or even "burden of obligation" in English

Front 25

La Amistad

Back 25

a spanish ship notable as the scene of a revolt by African captives being transported from Havana to Puerto Principe, Cuba

Front 26

Social Contract

Back 26

a broad class of theories that try to explain the ways in which people form states and/or maintain social order

Front 27

Mercantilism

Back 27

an economic theory that holds the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable."

Front 28

Concert of Europe

Back 28

the balance of power that existed in Europe from the fall of Napoleon in 1815 to the end of the Crimean War

Front 29

Treaty of Nanjing

Back 29

the unequal treaty which marked the end of the First Opium War between the British and Qing Empires of 1839–42. The treaties forced China to lower its tariffs

Front 30

Libertarianism

Back 30

a term adopted by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which advocate the maximization of individual liberty and the minimization or even abolition of the state. Libertarians embrace viewpoints across that spectrum, ranging from minarchist to openly anarchist

Front 31

Sekigahara

Back 31

a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 which cleared the path to the Shogunate for Tokugawa Ieyasu

Front 32

Kosovo

Back 32

a disputed territory in the Balkans. Its majority is governed by the partially-recognised Republic of Kosovo

Front 33

Gobukseon

Back 33

The Turtle ship, also known as Geobukseon or Kobukson, was a type of large warship belonging to the Panokseon class in Korea that was used intermittently by the Royal Korean Navy during the Joseon Dynasty from the early 15th century up until the 19th century

Front 34

Aya Sophya

Back 34

mosque created out of Hagia Sophia when Mehmed II conquered constantinople and changed the name of the city to Istanbul

Front 35

Writ of Assistance

Back 35

a written order (a writ) issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official, such as a sheriff, to perform (or "assist" with) a certain task

Front 36

Enlightened Absolutism

Back 36

a form of absolute monarchy or despotism in which rulers were influenced by the Enlightenment. Enlightened monarchs embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, especially its emphasis upon rationality, and applied them to their territories. They tended to allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and the press, and the right to hold private property. Most fostered the arts, sciences, and education.

Front 37

Cossack

Back 37

originally members of military communities in Ukraine and southern Russia

Front 38

Gallipoli

Back 38

located in Turkish Thrace, the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles straits to the east

Front 39

Ulster

Back 39

one of the four Provinces of Ireland, located in the north of the island

Front 40

Monroe Doctrine

Back 40

a United States policy that was introduced on December 2, 1823, which said that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States of America as acts of aggression requiring US intervention

Front 41

Gugong

Back 41

the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, China

Front 42

Chang Cheng

Back 42

The Great Wall of China, a series of stone and earthen fortifications in northern China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire from Xiongnu attacks during various successive dynasties.

Front 43

Ronin

Back 43

a samurai with no lord or master during the feudal period (1185–1868) of Japan. A samurai became masterless from the ruin or fall of his master, or after the loss of his master's favor or privilege

Front 44

Safavid

Back 44

one of the ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Iranian empires since the Islamic conquest of Persia and established the Ithnāˤashari (Twelver) school of Shi'a Islam

Front 45

Oiligarchy

Back 45

form of government in which power effectively rests with a small elite segment of society distinguished by royal, wealth, intellectual, family, military, or religious hegemony

Front 46

4th Amendment

Back 46

Guards against unreasonable searches and seizures. It was ratified as a response to the abuse of the writ of assistance, which is a type of general search warrant, in the American Revolution

Front 47

manacles

Back 47

Handcuffs are restraint devices designed to secure an individual's wrists close together

Front 48

14th Amendment

Back 48

adopted after the Civil War as one of the Reconstruction Amendments on July 9, 1868. The amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship

Front 49

manumission

Back 49

The act of freeing slaves, done at the will of the owner

Front 50

2nd Amendment

Back 50

Right to keep and bear arms

Front 51

Treaty of Shiminoseki

Back 51

was signed at the Shunpanrō hall on April 17, 1895 between the Empire of Japan and Qing Empire of China, ending the First Sino-Japanese War. The peace conference took place from March 20 to April 17, 1895

Front 52

American Crisis

Back 52

a series of pamphlets published from 1776 to 1783 during the American Revolution by eighteenth century Enlightenment philosopher and author Thomas Paine

Front 53

Committee of Public Safety

Back 53

created in April 1793 by the National Convention and then restructured July 1793, formed the de facto executive government of France during the Reign of Terror

Front 54

Federalists

Back 54

Describes several political beliefs around the world. It also has reference to the concept of federalism or the type of government called a federation.

Front 55

War of Jenkins Ear

Back 55

a conflict between Great Britain and Spain that lasted from 1739 to 1748, with major operations largely ended by 1742.

Front 56

Seven Years’ War

Back 56

major military conflict that lasted from 1754 in North America and 1756 in Europe until the conclusion of the treaties of Hubertusburg and Paris in 1763. It involved all of the major European powers of the period

Front 57

secularization

Back 57

the transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious (or "irreligious") values and secular institutions

Front 58

Lesser Jihad

Back 58

the outer stuggle, religious duty of radical Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah (al-jihad fi sabil Allah)".A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid, the plural is mujahideen