Whi.5 Greece And Alexander The Great

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Archimedes

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Greek scientist and mathematician known for developing the lever and pulley as well as accurately estimating pi

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Hippocrates

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Greek physician who is known as the father of modern medicine. Today people in the medical profession are required to take the Hippocratic Oath

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Euclid

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Greek mathematician known for his work in geometry. As such, he is called the father of geometry. His work is collected in a book called "The Elements"

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Herodotus

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Greek historian known as the father of history. He wrote about the Persian Wars and said that we must re-search in order to accurately portray history

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Thucydides

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Greek historian who wrote about the Peloponnesian Wars. He said that in order to provide accurate history, scholars must avoid bias in their research

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Phidias

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Greek sculptor who is known for the statue of Athena in the Parthenon

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Pythagoras

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Greek mathematician known for his work with triangles. He developed the Pythagorean Theorem

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Socrates

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Greek philosopher who argued people must use question and reasoning to find the truth in things. He was condemned to death. Rather than let the government kill him, he poisoned himself with hemlock. He was also a teacher of Plato

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Plato

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Greek philosopher who is known for his strong beliefs on government. These can be found in his text "The Republic." He was also a teacher of Aristotle

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Aristotle

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Greek philosopher who believed logic needed to be used to find the golden mean. He was also a teacher of Alexander the Great

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Alexander the Great

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Macedonian conqueror. He expanded his power into Africa and to the border of India. Considered one of the greatest conquerors of all time. He named many cities in the lands he conquered after himself: Alexandria

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Phillip II of Macedonia

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Father of Alexander the Great who conquered most of Greece

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Pericles

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Greek leader who led Athens into a golden age

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Draco

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Greek tyrant known for his extreme policies such as debt slavery

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Solon

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Greek ruler who ended the policy of debt slavery

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Aeschylus

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Greek playwright who is known for his play Prometheus Bound.

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Sophocles

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Greek playwright who is known for his play Oedipus

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Homer

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Blind Greek poet known for his epics: "The Iliad and The Odyssey."

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Aegean Basin

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Land the surrounds the Aegean sea

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Democracy

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a system of government in which citizens are involved in the law making process

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Persian Wars

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A series of wars between the Persian Empire and Greece. These wars united the Greek city states against a common external enemy: the Persians

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Oligarchy

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government where the law making decisions are in the hands of a small group

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Marathon

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A city state of ancient Greece and a major battle site of the Persian Wars. The Greeks, unexpectedly, defeated the Persians in the battle. A man named Pheidippides ran 26.2 miles to Athens to deliver the news.

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Greek Citizens

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Only free adult males

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Salamis

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a major battle at sea during the Persian Wars. The Greeks (Athenian navy) was able to defeat the Persians by using battering rams located at the front of their ships. The Athenian naval commander Themistocles also surprised the Persians with the time of his attack

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Monarchy

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government where rule is done by a single ruler, usually a king or queen. Power is usually inherited, like a dynasty

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Delian League

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An alliance formed by the Greek city states in order to defeat the Persians during the Persian Wars.

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Aristocracy

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government where law making decisions are in the hands of a group of elite members of society

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Peloponnesian League

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An alliance formed between Greek city states on Peloponnesus in order to defeat Athens who became a dominant power after the Persian Wars

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Tyranny

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a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

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Barter

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to trade one good for another

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Golden Age of Pericles

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A prosperous time period in Athens between the two major wars: Persian and Peloponnesian. Pericles instituted direct democracy and had Athens rebuilt, including the commission of the Parthenon

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Currency

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paper money/coinage

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Mythology

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gods and stories that are used to explain the natural phenomena and flaws of the world

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Peloponnesian War

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A war that was caused by competition between Greek city states after Athens became powerful following the Persian Wars. Sparta created an alliance with the Persians in order to defeat the Athenians

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Polytheistic

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the belief in more than 1 god

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Hellenistic Culture

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A unique blended culture spread by Alexander the Great that included cultures from the places of his conquests: Persia, India, Greece, and Egypt