Where Did Elements Come From?

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-93 elements are found in nature.
-Technetium (Tc), Promethium (Pm) and Neptunium (Np) are not found on Earth but have been found in spectra of stars.

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-Elements that have been created artificially.
-So far 20 synthetic elements have been created (those with atomic numbers 99–118)
-They are unstable and disintegrate/ decay within seconds.

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-After big bang , ↑temperature did not allow existence of -matter , only energy.
-As universe cooled energy was converted into matter to form protons, electrons & neutrons.
These joined to form Hydrogen & Helium atoms.

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-Very massive stars (stars whose masses are more than 100 times the mass of our sun) are the source of heavier elements.
-When such a star has converted almost all of its core hydrogen and helium into the heavier elements up to iron, the star collapses and then blows apart in an explosion called a supernova.
-All of the elements heavier than iron on the periodic table are formed in this explosion.

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Particle accelerators are used to make synthetic elements.
Eg: -Cyclotron
-Synchrotron ( used to make super heavy elements that last only for a few seconds)

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What is the big bang?

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An event that involved the explosion of extremely dense matter , forming all the matter in the universe.

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Why isn't fusion an energy source on Earth?

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It occurs at very high temperatures that cannot take place on Earth.

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What is the heaviest element formed during normal fusion reactions in stars?

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Iron (fe)

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Why is so little known about the properties of super heavy element?

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They exist only for a fraction of second.

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Which element is synthetic?

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a. uranium b. iodine c. helium d. nobelium

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Ninety-three elements occur in nature; the other known elements have been?

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a. found in interstellar space, b. found in the atmosphere, c. synthesized, d. found in Earth’s core.

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