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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Six adjs. ending in -lis form superlative by adding -limus, -lima, -limum to *base* (easy, hard, similar, dissimilar, slender, lowly)
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facilis, facillimus (-a, -um); difficilis, difficillimus; similis, simillimus; dissimilis, dissimillimus; gracilis, gracillimus; humilis, humillimus; (contrast: fidelis; fidelissimus)
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Any adj with -er in masc forms superlative by ...
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adding -rimus directly to this masc -er (e.g.: liber, liberior, liberrimus (-a,-um); pulcher, pulchrior, pulcherrimus; acer, acrior, acerrimus [note: comparatives are formed as usual by adding ior, -ius to base.])
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adj of irregular comparison: bonus, -a, -um
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melior, -ius; optimus, -a, -um
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adj of irregular comparison: magnus, -a, -um
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maior, -ius; maximus, -a, -um
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adj of irregular comparison: malus, -a, -um
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peior, -ius; pessimus, -a, -um
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adj of irregular comparison: multus, -a, -um
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----, plus; plurimus, -a, -um
Note: (i) In the singular of the comparative, the adjective multus becomes a neuter *noun* plus, pluris, n., which is commonly followed by a genitive of the whole (plus, pluris, ---, plus, plure). (ii) In the plural plus functions as an adjective (e.g. plures amici), but has mixed i-stem and consonant-stem forms (-ium in the genitive plural but -a not -ia in the neuter nominative and accusative) p. 181. |
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adj of irregular comparison: parvus, -a, -um
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minor, minus; minimus, -a, -um
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adj of irregular comparison: prae, pro (in front of, before)
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prior, -ius (former); primus, -a, -um (first)
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adj of irregular comparison: superus, -a, -um (that above)
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superior, -ius (higher); summus, -a, -um (highest, furthest); supremus, -a, -um (highest, last)
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declension plus: sing neut
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plus, pluris, ---, plus, plure (note: in the singular plus functions as a neuter noun which is commonly followed by a genitive of the whole (e.g. plus pecuniae; it has no M/F sing forms]
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declension plus: pl. m/f
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plures, plurium, pluribus, plures, pluribus [note: in plural, plus functions as an adj, but has mixed i-stem and constant stem forms (-ium in gen. pl. but -a not -ia in neut nom and acc).]
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declension plus: pl. neut
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plura, plurium, pluribus, plura, pluribus [note: in plural, plus functions as an adj, but has mixed i-stem and constant stem forms (-ium in gen. pl. but -a not -ia in neut nom and acc).]
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Present subjunctive: general rule
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in first conj: a to e; for other conjugations "a" is consistently the sign of the subj, although it gets slightly different forms. [note "we fear a liar" may be used as a mnemonic: e; ea; a; ia)
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Present subjunctive: laudo
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laudem, laudes, laudet, laudemus, laudetis, laudent
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Present subjunctive:moneo
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moneam, moneas, moneat; moneamus, moneatis, moneant
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Present subjunctive:ago
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agam, agas, agat, agamus, agatis, agant
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Present subjunctive:audio
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audiam, audias, audiat, audiamus, audiatis, audiant
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Present subjunctive:capio
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capiam, capias, capiat, capiamus, capiatis, capiant
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The jussive subjunctive expresses . . .
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a command or exhortation, especially in the first or third person, singular or plural; ne is employed for negative commands. [Note: this is the only non-subordinate use of the subjective formally introduced by Wheelock.]
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trans: Cogitem nunc de hac re, et tum non errabo.
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Let me now think about this matter, and I will not make a mistake.
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trans: Ne id faciamus.
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Let us not do this.
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A purpose clause is ...
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a subordinate clause indicating the purpose or objective of an action in the main clause (e.g. we study Latin *so that we may learn more about ancient Rome*). Most commonly introduced by "ut" or, for negative purpose, "ne" and followed by the subjunctive.
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Trans: Hoc dicit ut eos iuvet.
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He says this to help them. [Note: purpose clauses can often be translated with an infinitive if the subject of the purpose clause is the same as the main clause.]
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trans: Hoc facit ne capiatur.
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He does this in order not to be captured.
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