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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perfect indicative passive: construction?
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fourth p.p. + sum (note p.p. is logically an adj and must agree in gender, number and case with subject)
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Future perfect passive: construction?
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fourth p.p. + ero
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Pluperfect indicative passive: construction?
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fourth p.p. + eram
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Puella laudata est. (trans)
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The girl has been (or was) praised. [perf. ind. pass.]
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Pueri moniti sunt. (trans)
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The boys have been (were) warned. (Note: "have been" not "are" warned - perf pass, not pres pass.) [perf ind. pass.]
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Puellae laudatae erunt.
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The girls will have been praised. [Fut. perf. pass.]
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Puer monitus erit.
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The boy will have been warned. [fut. perf. pass.]
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Puellae laudatae erant.
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The girls had been praised. [pluperf. ind. pass.]
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Pericula non visum erat.
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The danger had not been seen. [pluperf ind. pass.]
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Three rules relating interrogative pronoun to relative pronoun
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(i) interrogative and relative pronouns are identical in plural forms; (ii) in *singular* fem interogative has same forms as masc. interogative (iii) special sing. nom. forms: m&f - quis (not: qui, quae), n -quid (not: quod).
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interrogative pronoun m&f sing: forms?
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quis, cuius, cui, quem, quo
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interrogative pronoun neut sing: forms?
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quid, cuius, cui, quid, quo
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Declension rule: the interrogative *adj* is declined exactly like ...
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the *relative* pronoun in all forms
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Quis librum tibi dedit? (trans)
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Who gave the book to you? [interrogative pronoun]
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Quem librum tibi dedit?
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Which book did he give you? [interrogative adj.]
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Fourth Declension Endings: m&f sing
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-us, -us, -ui, -um, -u (note: most 4th Decl nouns are masc.)
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Fourth Declension Endings: m&f pl
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-us, -uum, -ibus, -us, -ibus (note: some 4th Decl nouns are fem, e.g. manus, domus)
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fructus, -us, m. sing
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fructus, fructus, fructui, fructum, fructu
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fructus, -us, m. pl
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fructus, fructuum, fructibus, fructus, fructibus
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Fourth Declension Endings:
n. sing |
-u, -us, -u, -u, -u (only a few 4th Decl neuters)
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Fourth Declension Endings:
n. pl. |
-ua, -uum, -ibus, -ua, -ibus
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cornu, -us, n. sing
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cornu, cornus, cornu, cornu, cornu
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cornu, -us, n. pl.
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cornua, cornuum, cornibus, cornua, cornibus
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Ablative of Place from Which
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(i) typically abl + ab (away from), de (down from) or ex (out of); (ii) typically involves verb of active motion from one place to another
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Graeci a patria sua ad Italiam navigaverunt. Construction?
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Ablative of Place from Which: The Greeks sailed from their own country to Italy.
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Flumen de montibus in mare fluxit. Construction?
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Ablative of Place from Which: The river flowed down from the mountains into the sea.
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Multi ex agris in urbem venient. Construction?
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Ablative of Place from Which: Many will come from the country into the city.
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Ablative of Separation
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(i) sometimes ablative w/o prep, but sometimes with ab, de, or ex; (ii) implies separation but no movement
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Cicero hostes ab urbe prohibuit. Construction?
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Ablative of Separation: Cicero kept the enemy away from the city.
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Eos timore liberavit. Construction?
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Ablative of Separation: He freed them from fear.
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