Wheelock Grammar, Chapter 31 &32

Front 1

trans: Cum eum videbis, eum cognosces.

Back 1

When you see him, [at that very moment] you will recognize him.

Hint 1

cum temporal clause: cum + indicative verb; generally indicates a precise time of action; "cum" may be translated as "when" or "while"

Front 2

trans: Cum ad illum venerant, tum amicos contulerant.

Back 2

Not only had they come to that place, but they had also brought their friends. (maybe to "him" - illum, m., sing. acc.)

Hint 2

[cum temporal clause: cum + indicative; cum . . . tum may be translated as not only ... but also.]

Front 3

trans: Cum hoc fecisset, ad te fugit.

Back 3

When he had done this, he fled to you.

Hint 3

cum circumstantial clause: cum + subjunctive, describes general circumstances (rather than exact time) when the main action occurred {causal, circumstantial, adversative all take cum + subjunctive}

Front 4

trans: Cum hoc sciret, potuit eos iuvare.

Back 4

Since he knew this, he was able to help them.

Hint 4

cum causal clause: cum + subjunctive, explains the cause of the main action. {causal, circumstantial, adversative all take cum + subjunctive} "sciret" = imp. subj.

Front 5

trans: Cum hoc sciret, tamen milites misit.

Back 5

Although he knew this, nevertheless he sent the soldiers.

Hint 5

cum adversative clause: cum + subjunctive, describes an event that might have obstructed the main action. Note, "tamen" often appears in the main clause. {causal, circumstantial, adversative all take cum + subjunctive}

Front 6

fero (to carry, to endure): pres. ind. act

Back 6

fero, fers*, fert*; ferimus, fertis*, ferunt

Hint 6

In the present system fero is simply a third conjugation verb, formed exactly like ago except that the stem vowel doesn't appear in a few (starred) places. [ago, agis, agit, agimus, agitis, agunt]

Front 7

fero: pres. ind. pass

Back 7

feror, ferris*, fertur*, ferimur, ferimini, feruntur [third conj verb, irregular where starred (note: in the present tense]

Hint 7

In the present system fero is simply a third conjugation verb, formed exactly like ago except that the stem vowel doesn't appear in a few (starred) places, the thematic vowel - short e - is dropped before endings that begin with the letters r, s, or t). [agor, ageris, agitur, agimur, agimini, aguntur]

Front 8

fero: pres. imperative

Back 8

fer*, ferte*

Front 9

fero: active infinitives

Back 9

pres: ferre*; perf: tulisse; future: laturus esse

Front 10

fero: passive infinitives

Back 10

pres: ferri*; perf: latus esse; future: latum iri

Front 11

Many first/second declension adjs form positive degree adverbs by ...

Back 11

adding -e to the base (e.g. longe, libere, pulchre)

Front 12

Many third declension adjs form positive degree advebs by ...

Back 12

adding -iter, or (if the base ends in -nt-) -er (e.g. fortiter, celeriter, acriter, feliciter, sapienter)

Front 13

The comparative degree of adverbs is usually ...

Back 13

identical to the -ius neuter form of the comparative degree of the adjective

Front 14

The superlative degree of adverbs is usually ...

Back 14

derived from superlative degree of the adjective, regularly ending in -e according to the general rule.

Front 15

irregular adverbial form: facilis

Back 15

facile*, facilius, facillime (irregular form starred)

Front 16

irregular adverbial form: bonus

Back 16

bene*, melius, optime (irregular form starred)

Front 17

irrregular adverbial form: malus

Back 17

male* (badly), peius, pessime (irregular form starred)

Front 18

irregular adverbial form: multa

Back 18

multum*, plus, plurimum* (irregular form starred)

Front 19

irregular adverbial form: magnus

Back 19

magnopere* (greatly), magis* (more), maxime (most, especially) [irregular form starred]

Front 20

irregular adverbial form: parvus

Back 20

parum* (little, not very [much]), minus (less), minime (least) [irregular form starred]

Front 21

irregular adverbial form: dius

Back 21

diu* (for a long time), diutius* (longer), diutissime* (very long) [irregular form starred]

Front 22

volo (to wish): pres indicative

Back 22

volo, vis, vult; volumus, vultis, volunt [irregular only in pres ind. and pres subj.]

Front 23

volo: pres. subj.

Back 23

velim, velis, velit; velimus, velitis, velint [vel- is the base for subjective voice; comparable to sim]

Front 24

volo: impf. subj.

Back 24

vellem, velles, vellet; vellemus, velletis, vellent [formed from the irregular infinitive velle, but normal pattern]

Front 25

nolo (not to wish, to be unwilling): pres ind. act.

Back 25

nolo, non vis, non vult; nolumus, non vultis, nolunt

Front 26

nolo: pres subj. act.

Back 26

nolim, nolis, nolit; nolimus, nolitis, nolint

Front 27

nolo: imp. subj. act.

Back 27

nollem, nolles, nollet; nollemus, nolletis, nollent

Front 28

malo (to want (something) more or instead): pres. ind. act

Back 28

malo, mavis, mavult; malumus, mavultis, malunt

Front 29

malo: pres. subj. act.

Back 29

malim, malis, malit; malimus, malitis, malint

Front 30

malo: imp. subj. act.

Back 30

mallem, malles, mallet; mallemus, malletis, mallent

Front 31

trans: Nolite discedere, amici mei!

Back 31

Do not leave, my friends! [While volo and malo lack imperatives, nolo has both singular (noli) and plural (nolite) imperatives that were commonly employed with complementary infinitives to express negative commands.]

Front 32

trans: Non timebo, dummodo hic remaneas.

Back 32

I shall not be afraid, provided that you remain here. [Proviso clause - dummodo (and certain other words that express a provisional circumstance) + subjunctive; used to express a provisional circumstance.]

Front 33

trans: Erimus felices, dummodo ne discedas.

Back 33

We shall be happy, so long as (provided that) you do not leave. [Proviso clause - dummodo (and certain other words that express a provisional circumstance) + subjunctive; used to express a provisional circumstance; "ne" is used as the negative in such clauses.]