Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Intrarenal Tumor |
Nephropblastoma Wilms Tumor |
|
|
Cannot palpate or else it can spread |
Wilms Tumor |
|
|
What happens when kidney is removed? |
Protect other kidney by avoiding contact sports |
|
|
4 Manifestations of Wilms |
HTN Hematuria Abdominal Mass on one side Hyperthermia (Fever) |
|
|
Diagnosis of Wilms |
Tight Clothing US, IVP, or CT to r/o Metastasis CBC, BUN, Creatinine, LFT |
|
|
Treatment for Wilms |
Fluid Shifting - Daily Weights and I&Os Surgical removal of kidney and pain management w/ protection of other kidney |
|
|
Long Term Complication of chemo in Kids |
CHF |
|
|
Where is Neuroblastoma? |
Adrenal Gland Soft Organs of Body Outside of Cranium |
|
|
Manifestations of Neuroblastoma |
Limping Malaise Fever Smooth, hard, non-tender mass |
|
|
Neuroblastoma occurs anywhere along the ______ |
Sympathetic Nervous System Chain |
|
|
Two types of Masses for Neuroblastoma |
Retroperitoneal and Mediastinal |
|
|
Retroperitoneal Mass |
Altered Bowel and Bladder Function Weight Loss Abdominal Distension Enlarged Liver |
|
|
Mediastinal Mass |
Dyspnea and Infection |
|
|
What are the 2 things used to diagnose Neuroblastoma? |
24 hour urine Increased Vanillyl Mandelic Acid Urinary Level CT Scan for Mass Location |
|
|
What is osteosarcoma? |
Most common tumor found in skeleton that occurs in the metaphysis of the distal femur, proximal tibia, or humerus |
|
|
Osteosarcoma usually affects ________ |
Long bones and occurs on outside of bone |
|
|
When does Osteosarcoma develop and peak? |
Growth Spurt Adolescence |
|
|
Manifestations of Osteosarcoma |
Deep Bone pain (worsens at exercise or night) Weak Bone Structure leading to Broken Bone Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase |
|
|
Very Poor Prognosis |
Metastasis and bone lesions |
|
|
Treatment for Osteo and Ewings Sarcoma |
Limb-Salvage to remove tumor Bone graft to fill in the bone Salvage as many limb as possible |
|
|
Complications to Osteosarcoma |
Chemo 5 year survival rate very low Metastasis is Common |
|
|
Cancer inside of the bone (not survivable) |
Ewings Sarcoma |
|
|
Bones of Ewings Sarcoma |
Bone Shaft Pelvis Ribs |
|
|
Manifestations of Ewings |
Swelling of Bone Pain Soft Tissue Mass Anorexia/Weight Loss Fever Malaise/Fatigue |
|
|
Labs of Ewings |
Increased WBC, ESR, and CRP |
|
|
Apoptosis |
Cells recognize something wrong and destroys itself
|
|
|
All pediatric cancers have an increased risk for ________ |
Secondary Tumors |
|
|
What is important to monitor w/ Pediatric Cancers |
Hypo/Hyper Thyroidism |
|
|
What drug taken during pregnancy increases risk of Cancer? |
Diethylstilbesterol (DES) (Estrogen) |
|
|
Chromosome 11 |
Wilms |
|
|
Chromosome 13 |
Retinoblastoma |
|
|
Children w/ _________ have 20-30 times increased risk for Leukemia |
Down Syndrome |
|
|
The use of _____________ drive down the immune system. |
Anabolic Steroids
|
|
|
Reaction of Infant or Toddler |
Limited Understanding |
|
|
Reaction of Preschooler |
May believe they caused the illness |
|
|
Reaction of School-Aged |
Improved understanding and would like to talk about it |
|
|
Adolescent |
Rather talk w/ others of same condition |
|
|
Symptoms to Pediatric Cancer |
Pain Anemia Bruising Palpable Mass Infection Cachexia |
|
|
Cachexia
|
Weight Loss or Muscle Wasting |
|
|
Replacement of RBCs |
Epogen |
|
|
Replacement of WBCs |
Neupogen |
|
|
Long Term effects of Radiation in Kids |
Bones/Teeth Hypothyroidism Delayed Puberty Sterility Secondary Cancers |
|
|
Rapid Tumor Growth may cause _____ |
Spinal Cord Compression IICP Seizures Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Brain Herniation Hepatomegaly |
|
|
Most common solid tumor in children |
Brain Tumor |
|
|
Over half brain tumors are in the ___ and ___. |
Cerebellum Brainstem |
|
|
What are the 4 Solid Tumors? |
Medulloblastomas Astrocytoma Ependymomas Brain Stem Gliomas |
|
|
Manifestations in Brain Tumor |
Headache (IICP), N/V Change in Vision/Hearing Fatigue Dizziness Weight Loss |
|
|
For brain tumor, radiation is not used under the age of ___ |
3 |
|
|
Why is chemo given intrathecally for brain tumor? |
Blood Brain Barrier |
|
|
What are complications to Brain tumor? |
Seizures Severe Infections Hydrocephalus Diabetes Insipidus Growth Problems |
|
|
What is Leukemia? |
Accelerated premature WBCs produced by the stem cells in the bone marrow |
|
|
Most common Leukemia is __________- |
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
|
|
Megaly |
Enalrged |
|
|
Manifestations of Leukemia |
Abnormal Bleeding Petechiae Fever Pallor Joint Pain Anorexia Hepatomegaly |
|
|
What labs are increased in Leukemia? |
Calcium? Potassium Phosphate |
|
|
What is retinoblastoma? |
Intraocular malignancy of retina |
|
|
Manifestations of Retinoblastoma |
White Fixed Strabismus Heterochromia Glaucoma Orbital Inflammation |
|
|
Strabismus |
Cross-Eyed |
|
|
Heterochromia |
Colored part of iris is multi-colored |
|
|
Treatment for Retinoblastoma |
Enucleation Surgery |
|
|
When and how is Retinoblastoma diagnosed? |
Between 1 and 2 years of age Ocular, MRI, and CT |
|
|
Most common soft tissue tumor |
Rhabdomyosarcoma |
|
|
Rhabdomyosarcoma occurs in the muscles around the ___________, causing _________ |
Eyes (Ptosis and Visual Distrubances) Neck GU - Obstruction, Hematura, Dysuria, and Protruding vaginal mass Abdomen |
|
|
Ptosis |
Drooping of the Upper Eyelid |
|
|
Reed-Sternberg Cells |
Hodkgkins |
|
|
Manifestations of Hodkings |
Nontender Firm and Painless Fever Night Sweats Weight Loss |
|
|
Where is Hodgkins take place? |
Lymphadenopathy in Supraclavicular and Cervical Nodes and the Medisatinal Area
|
|
|
Labs for Hodgkins |
Increased ESR/CRP Increased Leukocytes |
|
|
Non-Hodgkin is Proliferation of abnormal ____ |
B Cells and T Cells |
|
|
What is treatment for Hodgkins? |
4 Drug Combo w/ Chemo Stem Cell Transplant Radiation |
|
|
What is treatment for Non-Hodgkins |
9 Total Chemo drugs given for 1-2 years |
|
|
Cells obtained from the same Individual |
Autologous |
|
|
Cells obtained from another person |
Allogeneic |
|
|
Alopecia |
Hair loss, can begin to grow back 1 month after chemo |
|
|
Inflammation of the mucous membrane |
Mucositis |
|
|
Inflammation of the mouth (no cold or hot) |
Stomatitis |
|
|
S/E of Chemo in Women |
Alopecia Stomatitis Mucositis Altered Bowel |
|
|
Extravasation of Chemo can cause _____ |
Permanent damage to soft tissue |
|
|
Raloxifen (Evista) |
Prevent and treat bone loss from Menopause and Breast Cancer Increased risk for blood clots, strokes, and cataracts |
|
|
Evista is classified as a _________ |
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator |
|
|
Name Three SERMs |
Tamoxifen Fareston Raloxifen (Evista) |
|
|
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer |
Post-Menopausal (No more Estrogen) Radiation Exposure |
|
|
Manifestations of Breast Cancer |
Bloody Discharge Change in appearance and size Lump in the underarm area Dimpling or Puckering Inverted Nipple Peeling, Scaling or Flaking of pigmented area |
|
|
Why would you keep arm elevated for Breast cancer? |
Lymphedema |
|
|
Cervical Cancer is linked to ______ |
HPV |
|
|
All women ________ should be screened with PAP only |
21-29 |
|
|
All women ________ should be screen with both PAP and HPV |
30-65 |
|
|
HPV Vaccines include _________ (2 Things) |
Gardasil and Cervarix |
|
|
HPV Vaccine is recommended for |
Girls 11-12 years (before sexually active) Women 13-26 years who did not get all 3 doses when they were younger Boys 9-26 years can get it too. |
|
|
What two type of HPV Viruses can be prevented |
Type 16 and 18 |
|
|
HPV cannot _______- |
Treat but can prevent
|
|
|
S/Sx of Cervical Cancer |
Bloating of abdomen and pelvis (tight clothing) Painless Vaginal Bleeding (even w/ sex) Water, blood tinged discharge that becomes dark and foul smelling |
|
|
Late Sign of Cervical Cancer |
Leg Pain |
|
|
Tests to Remove or get cell samples from cervical cancer |
Colposcopy
Cone Biopsy LEEP |
|
|
Colposcopy |
Microscope Acetetic Acid Cone Biopsy of painted cells |
|
|
Cone Biopsy |
Cone shaped piece of tissue removed from cervix |
|
|
LEEP |
Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure Scalpel cone biopsy that can cause mild bleeding or cramping for 1-2 days |
|
|
S/Sx of Ovarian Cancer |
Abdominal Mass - Persistent Bloating Abnormal Bleeding (Dyspareunia) |
|
|
Fertilized cells lack maternal genes |
Hytatidiform Complete |
|
|
Hytatidiform Partial |
More than 1 sperm fertilizes normal egg Normal fetal tissue and Grape like cysts |
|
|
Choriocarinoma |
Tissue remains in utero after child expulsion Highly malignant (can spread to lungs and walls of uterus) |
|
|
Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor penetrates ______ |
Muscle layer of uterus |
|
|
Dx for GTD |
US and HCG measurement HCG is the hormone found during pregnancy |
|
|
HCG after D&C should stay ____ |
Negative in 8-12 weeks after evacuation
|
|
|
HCG Safeguard How long weekly and monthly? |
HCG weekly for 3 wks, then monthly 6 mths
|
|
|
Cancer formed in a womens external genitalia correlated from HPV and Smoking |
Vaginal/Vulvar Cancer |
|
|
S/Sx of Vulvar Cancer |
Itching Wart Like Growths Open Sore 1 month or longer Irregular Bleeding Pain and Burning |
|
|
Cancer of the uterine cavity |
Uterine/Endometrial Cancer |
|
|
What slows growth of endometrial cells and can cause secondary issue if prolonged use |
Progesterone (Male Hormone) |
|
|
Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer |
Excessive Estrogen (Tamoxifen) Diabetes, HTN, and Obesity Late Stage Menopause |
