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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reds
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Bolshevik army
Run by Trotsky |
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Whites
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-socilaists opposing Bolshevism
- liberals like the Kadets, the only things uniting them was hate for Bolsheviks - supported by the Allies - recieved backing by men and money didn't participate very heavily in fighting |
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Green Peasants
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-spontaneous organization of peasants who opposed Bolsheviks
- many deserted soliders who kept weapons - resorted to terror in countryside - didnt have anything they tried to achieve |
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Black army
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-criminal and terrorist organization
-never really serious threat to red army |
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Forces
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- Reds
-Whites - Green Peasants - Black army |
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Bolshevik advantages
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- geography
-nationality policy - disunity of whites and opposing factions - cultural and ideology |
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geography
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controlled supply lines, railroads, communications
- controlled what mattered in Russia if you were fighting a war - white army was spread apart, isolated in outskirts of Russia eventhough had backing of Allies |
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natonality policy
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- encouraged self- determiniation among ethnic groups
- Bolsheviks encouraged creation of ethnic republics this rallied them to side of Bolsheviks because white army offered them nothing |
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Disunity of whites and opposing factions
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- whites had multiple groups
- socialists didnt agree on anything other than hating the Bolsheviks won't carry them foreward and rally them to the cause - Kadets want liberal democratic government -monarchists want return of the monarchy - Bolsheviks have committed purpose they can all agree on |
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cultural and ideaology
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- advantage to Bolsheviks
- not for whites - Bolshevik cultural policy- had language of public poltics to replace old tsarist categories - coherence carried forward programs and gave people a message |
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Cult of Lenin
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- new religion for a new state
- interesting how little people knew about Lenin - he was virtually unknown in Russia until Oct. 1917 - no one knew his face, him and wife could stroll around Moscow and no one would recognize them |
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Lenin's view of this
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- he was not interested in this
- he didnt seek power for his own interests, power for power's sake - his interests and concerns were that people should celebrate Engels and Marx- following in footsteps of these giants - he thought that Russia needed monumental symbols but it should be of Marx and Engels not him |
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assasination attempt on Lenin's life
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- shot in the neck but the wounds weren't fatal
- Bolsheviks began to think what they would do if Lenin died - this made him a Christ-like figure - martyr to revolution even though he didnt approve -birthday became a national holiday -petrograd was renamed Leningrad -posters of him changed to highly dynamic drawings |
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Bolshevik cultural life
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- knew that art mingled with politics and ideaology
- recognized that art represents a way of life and thinking among poeple - expressing ideas that cannot otherwise be expressed allows for free exchange in social notions - Lenin cared deeply about it |
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Proletkult
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- Led by Aleksandr Bogdanov
- proleterian cultural movement - one of earliest organizations founded before Bolsheviks took power - organized working class cultural revolutions thought that workers would carry new culture to Russia |
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Size of Proletkult movement
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- movement established had organizations in Petrograd and Moscow
- over 100,000 members, second only to the Bolshevik party |
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What it was
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- dance clubs, drama clubs, reading associations, self- education organizations
- furthered cause of revolution workers were crying out for literacy, learning and education - Proleterian culture concieved through ranks of Proletriat revolution - supposed to come from working class life not be imposed |
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Problem for Lenin
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- problem was that coming from below it could challenge Lenin
- reached heights in the midst of the civil war - by 1921 was bigger than Bolshevik party and was challenge to Lenin - working class culture, it was socialist but could challenge Lenin's authority - wanted organization shiut down, he didnt like the experimental nature of it - didnt tolerate dissent in any form even cultural - he was nervous and the party frightened him so he created his own culture party |
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Lenin's culture party
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- Commissariat of Enlightenment
-led by Anatoli Lunacharskii - less experimentalist and more traditional |
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Commissariat of Enlightenment
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- group oversaw expansion of Russia in education system
- teachers supposed to support Bolshevik polcies, point was to celebrate Bolshevism - art had a political purpose and that was it - 2 aspects of of cultural expression |
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2 aspects of cultural expression
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- film and poster art
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film
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- Lunacharskii thought that the power of the cinema was unbounded, it was easy to distribute
- perfect vehicle for party trying to create new society - silent films were an art form of the revolution - film was convienient for largely ilteriate society - workers free from habits and strivings of old bourgeoisie - state film school- creation of propaganda to further the purpose of the party - helped carry Bolshevik message |
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Poster art
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- art of the streets
- could also carry message in images without text - art of the masses - could print in massive quanities to carry message of the Bolsheviks - ex: image of Lenin, pointing red army toward victory- red color in background - could carry critical messages as well as support |
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Women
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- celebration of what October revolution had given to women
- poster of woman looking at a new school and library - liberalized divorce laws - legal abortion - birth control admitted to Russia - changing traditional conventions of femininity, family life - discarding convention and bougeoisie notions |
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Soviet woman
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- liberated
- free not suppressed - fought in front in red army - served in Cheka |
