What Is Psychology? Chapter One

Front 1

Define psychology

Back 1

science of behavior and mental processes

Front 2

What are the four goals of psychology?

Back 2

describe behavior
predict behavior
understand behavior
influence behavior

Front 3

Earlist orgins of psychology date back to a greek philospher known as _____

Back 3

Aristole

Front 4

17th century French philospher developed a theory of human behavior called dualism

Back 4

Renee Descartes

Front 5

17th century English pilospher prosposed that all that exists are matter and energy, sobehavior can be understood in terms of physical processes of the body, including the brain.

Back 5

Thomas Hobbes

Front 6

professor of biology in Germany who was fascinated by human consciousness

Back 6

Wilhem Wundt

Front 7

school of thought that came from Wundt's approach

Back 7

structuralism

Front 8

English student that expanded Wundt's works

Back 8

Edward Titchener

Front 9

fellow stucturalist, made a discovery concerning our perception of heat and cold; first African-American to have a scientific article ina journal of the APA

Back 9

J. Henry Alston

Front 10

taught first course in psychology in the U.S. in 1875; published an influential early psychology textbook in 1890 (principles of psychology); influenced by Charles Darwin

Back 10

William James

Front 11

school of thought arising from James' works

Back 11

Functionalism

Front 12

Russian physcologist called the form of learning he discovered conditioning today called classical or pavlovian conditioning

Back 12

Ivan Pavlov

Front 13

American who accepted Pavlov's ideas

Back 13

John Watson

Front 14

principles of learning developed by Watson and Pavlov became known as the ______

Back 14

basis of behaviorism

Front 15

German who researched memory; noted for this work and for opening the way to study complex mechanisms

Back 15

Herman Ebbringhaus

Front 16

first female president of the APA

Back 16

Mary Whiton Calkins

Front 17

first women to receive a doctorate in psychology, 1908

Back 17

Margaren Floy Washburn

Front 18

first african american women to receive a doctorate

Back 18

Inez Prosser

Front 19

first african american man to be a professor or psychology in theU.S., having earned his doctorate in Germany in 1901

Back 19

Gilbert Jones

Front 20

20th century German who published an article on a perceptual effect he called the phi phenomenon

Back 20

Max Wertheimer

Front 21

Wertheimer with a group of others founded a school of thought called ______

Back 21

Gestalt Psychology

Front 22

German word that loosely translates to mean "whole form,"; psychologists believe that the mind must be understood in terms of organized wholes, not elementary parts

Back 22

Gestalt psychology

Front 23

Frenchman who int he early part of the 20th century developed the first IZ test, which was the beginning of the branch of psychology that specializes in measurement (intelligence, aptitude, personality etc.)

Back 23

Alfred Binet

Front 24

developed a theory and treatment of psychological problems call psychoanlytic theory/psychodynamic theory most important concept was the unconscious mind

Back 24

Sigmund Freud

Front 25

best known advocate of behaviorism; persistently said that human behavior is a product of enfiornment in which a person lives and grows

Back 25

B.F. Skinner

Front 26

behaviorist; instrumental in developing the Social Learnin Theory

Back 26

Alfred Bandura

Front 27

assumes that our personalities, beliefs attitudes and skills are learned from others; to understand a person the influences of culture, ethnic identity and other identities

Back 27

sociocultural perspective

Front 28

refers to knowledge and thinking and feeling

Back 28

cognitive

Front 29

proposes that the way we think about things is mostly responsible for our behavior and emotions

Back 29

Cognitive psychology

Front 30

conglomeration of theories of several; this psychological movement proposes that to determine our own fate through freewill

Back 30

Humanistic psychology

Front 31

proposes that our psychological characteristics are influenced by heredity and therefore also by chemical messenger-the neurotransmitters and hormones

Back 31

biological perspective

Front 32

study the ways in which the nervous system and other organs provide the basis for behavior

Back 32

biological psychology

Front 33

concerned with how the sense organs operate and how we interpret incoming sensory information in the process of perception

Back 33

sensation and perception

Front 34

the study of ways in which we learn and remember new information, new skills, new habits and new ways of relating to other people

Back 34

learning and memory

Front 35

concerned with changes that take place in people during their life span, as they grow from birth to old age

Back 35

developmental psychology

Front 36

study of the needs and states that activate and guide behavior, such as,hunger, thirst, sex, the need for achievement and the need to have relationships with others

Back 36

motivation and emotion

Front 37

focuses on the more or less consistent ways of behaving that characterize our personalities

Back 37

personality

Front 38

studies the influence of other people on our behavior; the behavior of people in groups, mobs, or organizations

Back 38

social psychology

Front 39

attempt to understand and treat emotional problems and correct abnormal behavior

Back 39

clinical psychology

Front 40

attempt to help people with personal or school problems and with career choices

Back 40

counseling psychology

Front 41

focuses on ways to match employees to jobs, to train and motivate workers, and to promote job satisfaction and good relationships among workers

Back 41

industrial and organizational psychology

Front 42

concerned with the ways children learn in the classroom and with the construction of psychological and educational tests

Back 42

educational and school psychology

Front 43

focuses on the ways in which pressures,conflicts, hardships and other factors contribute to poor health

Back 43

health psychology