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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Psychology
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The Scientific study of mental processes
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Psychiatry
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A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. (The roughly comparable specialty known as clinical psychology)
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Determinism
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The belief that all events have causes
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Free will
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beleif that there are absolutely no limitations on people's power of free choice
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Structuralism
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Early theory in psychology that sought to identify the components of the conscious mind
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Functionalism
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early approach to psych that studied how the conscious mind helps humans survive and sucessfully adapt to their environment.
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William James
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psychoanalysis
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an approach to psychology that studies how the unconscious mind shapes behavior
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Sigmund Freud
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Behaviorism
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An approach to psych that studies observable behavior rather than hidden mental processes; also referred to as the behavioral perspective
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John Watson
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Gestalt Psychology
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The approach to psych that studies how the mind actively organizes stimuli into meaningful wholes
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Humanistic psychology
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An approach to psych that emphasizes human beings' innate capacity for personal growth and their ability to consciously make choices
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Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
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Positive Psychology
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A new scientific approach to studying optimal human functioning that asserts that the normal functioning of human beings cannot be accounted for with purely negative or problem focused terms
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Cognitive psycholgy
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An approach to psych that attempts to understand behavior by studying how the mind organizes perceptions, processes information, and interprets experiences
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Neuroscience perspective
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An approach to psychology that attempts to understand behavior and mental processes by examining the nervous system
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Nature-nurture debate
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The question of wheter individual differences in behavior are primarily due to inborn biological processes or to environmental factors
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Evolutionary Psycholgy
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An approach to psychology based on the principle of natural selection
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Natural Selection
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The process by which organisms with inherited traits best suited to the environment reproduce more successfully than less well adapted organisms over a number of generations which leads to evolutionary changes
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Evolution
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The genetic changes that occur i a species over generations due to natural selection
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Sociocultural Perspective
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An approach to psych that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior
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Culture
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The total lifestyle of people from a particular social grouping, including all the ideas, symbols, preferences, and material objects they share
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Dynamic Systems Theory
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The idea that new forms of behavior emerge through the interactions of people's biology and their culture and physical environment.
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Applied Psychologists
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Psychologists who use existing psych knowledge to solve and prevent problems
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Collectivism
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A philosophy of life stressing the priority of group goals over individual goals, a preference for tightly knit social relationships, and a willingness to submit to the influence of ones' group
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Individualism
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A philosophy of life stressing the priority of personal goals over group goals, a preference for loosely knit social relationships, and a desire to be relatively autonomous of others' influence
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