What Is (P-Vi)

Front 1

What is Rotary Motion

Back 1

Movement of the bones around joints

Front 2

What is Motor Behavior

Back 2

The process of the body responding to internal and external stimuli

Front 3

What is Torque

Back 3

"Turning Effect," a force that produces rotation around joints. The closer the weight is to the joint, the less torque it creates

Front 4

What is Motor Control

Back 4

Study of posture and movements and the involved structures and mechanisms that the central nervous system uses to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experience

Front 5

What are Muscle Synergies

Back 5

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement. Muscles operate as a functional unit. Through practice of proper movement patterns, these synergies become automated

Front 6

What is Proprioception

Back 6

Cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements.

Front 7

What is Motor Learning

Back 7

Repeated practice of motor control (study of posture and movement and response to stimuli, integrated with previous experience) which leads to a change in the ability to produce complex movements.

Front 8

What is Feedback

Back 8

The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the kinetic chain in motor learni

Front 9

What is Internal Feedback

Back 9

The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment. A guide useful for positioning. Sensory information used includes length-tension relationship (posture), force-couple relationships, and arthrokinematics

Front 10

What is External Feedback

Back 10

Information provided by some external source, such as a fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor to supplement the internal environment. Two main forms of external feedback: Knowledge of results and knowledge of performance.

Front 11

What is Knowledge of Results

Back 11

Used after the completion of a movement to help inform the client about the outcome of the performance. Telling the client the squat was "good" or if they could "feel" or "see" their form

Front 12

What is Knowledge of Performance

Back 12

Information about the quality of the movement during an exercise.
Example: noticing that the client's feet were externally rotated and the knees were excessively adducting during a squat, and asking them if they felt or saw anything different. Allows for understanding performance errors. Can also aid in motivation.

Front 13

What is a fitness assessment

Back 13

A systematic problem solving method that provides the health and fitness professional with a basis for making educated decisions about exercise and acute variable selection. An ongoing gathering of information to modify and progress a program.

Front 14

What is subjective information

Back 14

General and medical history, occupation, lifestyle, personal information

Front 15

What is Objective information

Back 15

Measurable data about a client. It includes Physiologic assessments, body composition, cardiorespiratory testing, static and dynamic postural assessments, performance assessments

Front 16

What is PARQ

Back 16

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire - designed to help qualify a person for low to moderate to high activity levels. Directed toward detecting any possible cardiorespiratory dysfunction, such as coronary heart disease.

Front 17

What does extended periods of sitting cause

Back 17

Hips are flexed, leading to tight hip flexors that can cause postural imbalances. Can also cause the shoulders and head to fatigue, leading to the rounding of the shoulders and head.

Front 18

What can repetitive movements cause

Back 18

Creates a pattern overload to muscle and joints, which may lead to tissue trauma and kinetic chain dysfunction. For painters, there could be shoulder soreness that could be the result of tightness in the latissimus dorsi and weakness in the rotator cuff. This imbalance does not allow for proper shoulder motion or stabilization.

Front 19

What is the problem with dress shoes

Back 19

Wearing shoes with heels puts the ankle complex in a plantarflesion position for long time. This leads to tightness in the gastrocnemius and soleus, causing imbalance, such as overpronation at the foot and ankle complex (flattening of the arch of the foot)

Front 20

What are some common injuries

Back 20

1. Ankle sprains (decrease neural control to the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus)
2. Knee Injuries (decrease in neural control to muscles that stabilize the patella and kneecap and lead to further injury.)
3. Low back injury (decreased neural control to stabilizing muscles of the core, resulting in poor stabilization of the spine)
4. Shoulder injuries (altered control of the rotator cuff muscles, instability of shoulder joint)

Front 21

What are some common chronic conditions

Back 21

Cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension (high blood pressure), high cholesterol, stroke, lung and breathing conditions, obesity, diabetes mellitus

Front 22

How to measure estimated maximum heart rate

Back 22

220-age

Front 23

What are the heart training zones

Back 23

One) builds aerobic base and aids in recovery
Two) Increases endurance and trains the anaerobic threshold
Three) Builds high end work capacity

Front 24

Blood Pressure

Back 24

Systolic reading (top #) = pressure produced by the heart as it pumps blood to the body. Usually between 120 to 130 mm Hg.
Diastolic reading (bottom #) = minimum pressure within the arteries through a full cardiac cycle. Usually between 80 to 85 mm Hg

Front 25

Systolic (maximum (systolic))

Back 25

(top #) = pressure produced by the heart as it pumps blood to the body. Usually between 120 to 130 mm Hg.

Front 26

Diastolic (minimum (diastolic))

Back 26

(bottom #) = minimum pressure within the arteries through a full cardiac cycle. Usually between 80 to 85 mm Hg

Front 27

influences on BP
greatest decrease in the small arteries and arterioles, and continues to decrease as the blood moves through the capillaries and back to the heart through veins

Back 27

Gravity, valves in veins, and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles, various places in the body.

Front 28

Durnin-Womersley Formula (BdyFat)

Back 28

1. Biceps
2. Triceps
3. Subscapular
4. Iliac Crest

Front 29

NASM measure for body circumferences

Back 29

Neck, Chest, Waist, Hips, Thighs, Calves, Biceps

Front 30

What is Posture

Back 30

The alignment and function of all components of the kinetic chain at any given moment. Posture is the position from which all movement begins and ends

Front 31

What is Neuromuscular Efficiency

Back 31

The ability of the nervous system to communicate effectively with the muscular system. It means muscles of the body are optimally aligned at the proper length-tension relationship necessary for efficient functioning of force-couples. This allows for proper joint mechanics and effective absorbtion and distribution of forces throughout the kinetic chain, alleviating excessive stress on joints.

Front 32

What is Functional Strength

Back 32

The ability of the neuromuscular system to contract eccentrically, isometrically, and concentrically in all three planes of motion

Front 33

What are Postural Distortion Patterns

Back 33

Predictable patterns of muscle imbalance. Predictable occurrences of muscle imbalance caused by altered movement patterns

Front 34

What is Dynamic Posture

Back 34

Looking at movements are often the quickest way to gain an overall impression of a client's functional status