What Is Meant By Globalization?

Front 1

what are different perspectives on globalization and its consequences?
Friedman side

Back 1

Friedman- Globalization represents a new force that will transform the world for the better.
ex: international system changing how politics is practiced,
Changes take place on the background of national loyalties and identities
Will force localities to change the way they live in order to accommodate global forces,
" Golden Arches Peace Hypothesis: No two nations with a McDonald's have ever gone to war with each other"

Front 2

What is meant by hybridization vis-a-vis globalization?

Back 2

Local tastes and Preferences
ex: If McDonalds wants to sell in Asia, they have to make a global force by creating a food that they like.

Front 3

Institutions
What is a norm?

Back 3

All states (leadership) have internalized "diplomat unity"- agreed upon by all states.

Front 4

What are different perspectives on globalization and its consequences?
Ramont side

Back 4

Ramont- Globalization is a new version of exploitative economics that will enrich and empower a few and impoverish everyone else.

*its an extension of previous globalizing systems associated with the rise of the enlightenment and industrialism
*Always benefit the wealthy and powerful oppress the masses
*Will increase inequality

Front 5

what id meant by hybridization vis-a-vis globalization?

Back 5

Where cultures can "cross-pollinate" creating transnational variations of a single cultural theme of institution.
Hybrids are loaded with tensions and often controversial.
ex:*Soccer/ world cup- combines powerful global and local forces
* local identity, racism, and nativism are hallmarks of local teams.
*McDonalds-often replicate local dietary norms and restrictions, first building trashed during riots in foreign cities. "McCurry Plan"
*Slumdog Millionaire.

Front 6

What is a regime?

Back 6

A written document- comes in the form of treaties.

Front 7

what is an institution?

Back 7

Having a physical presence
Includes functionaries
Made up of buildings

Front 8

What are the main international regimes and organizations of United Nations?

Back 8

UN has a global membership that includes almost every state in the world.
Un deals with a wide range of issues from security to trade to cultural to child welfare.

Front 9

What are the main international regimes and organizations of the European Union?

Back 9

Members restricted to those European states that are healthy liberal democracies.
Organizations works toward further European integration on a number of issues, including security, trade, administration and law.
Promotes peace and prosperity in Europe through integration of members states economies, political systems and societies.

Front 10

What are the main international regimes and organizations of the NAFTA?

Back 10

Deals with funding debt Crisis's.
Domestic legislation, harmonize and progressively develop the law to form a more comprehensive regime.

Front 11

What is meant by interdependency?

Back 11

A web of interactions that prevent states that form international systems?
ex: oil market

Front 12

What are the main international regimes and organizations of the World Bank?

Back 12

A bank the provides loans for large infrastructure projects.
Common projects include dams, factories, roads and railways
Starting to dabble in "micro finance": thousands of smaller loans are given to single entrepreneurs.
Heavily criticized for loan conditions

Front 13

What are the main international regimes and organizations of the IMF (International Monetary Fund)

Back 13

Often works in conjunction with the world bank
Provides large loans for stabilization of currencies and also provides funds for creating balance of payments.
* loans boost value of currency, making investment attractive, also will "save" investors when a local economy tanks.

Front 14

What are some of the institutional mechanisms of free trade in GATT/ WTO?

Back 14

Sought to maximize areas of free trade between signatories.
Enforcement mechanism of established rules of trade
Instruments of arbitration in trade disputes between nations.
*censured the US for placing tariffs on steal imports
*censured many European nations, including France and Germany for its protectionist measures to protect local agriculture
ex: potato famine

Front 15

What are some of the reasons for the popularity of free trade and what are the alternatives to free trade?

Back 15

States support those industries with which they have a natural advantage in production
By selling their surplus in one industry. they can purchase those items they cannot produce themselves.
Protectionism: allows states to shield fledgling national industries from savage international competition and protects key social groups and voting blocs from losing jobs.

Front 16

What are the arguments for protectionism?

Back 16

Defensive tactics: raising of barriers and tariffs to protect important industries within a given nation
Offensive tactics: exporting large amounts of a key product to a particular nation in order to lower the price and drive the local producers out of business.

Front 17

What are some of the institutional mechanisms of free trade with the Most Favored Nations?

Back 17

Bilateral agreements negotiated by states in which participants agree to remove trade barriers on all products exchanged between the two nations
Overseen and monitored by WTO
USA and China and human right issues

Front 18

What are the different ways of understanding "rights"?

Back 18

Individual rights: a human being
Sovereign rights: Rights granted to states with recognized sovereignty.
ex: Rwanda
Liberteria: Rights of individuals to be protected from outside interference on their own personal autonomy, will, or action (negative rights)
Egalitaria: Rights of individuals to be provided with needs and provisions to maximize their owm potential and not be deprived of opportunity due to low social status (positive rights)

Front 19

What are some of the key issues with regards to human rights?

Back 19

Migration: Better economic opportunities and better living conditions.
Poverty, Stateless people: Refugees, politically displaced. Not welcome and living at a rate that humans should not
Genocide, Ethnic Cleansing
ex: drinking water

Front 20

What are the different perspectives and types of intervention?

Back 20

Low Coercion: speeches and broadcasts, economic aid and military advisors, support of opposition.
High Coercion: blockade, limited military war, invasion

Front 21

what is the difference between a "Caesarist" and a "Spartacist"?

Back 21

Caesarists: World is full of violence, terrorism, and barbarity. Only a strong state can protect human rights through numerous interventions against local atrocities.
ex: monroe doctrine, convention on the prevention of genocide.
Spartacists: Anti-imperialist, anti-authoritarian and critical of hegemonic power. Powerful nations create as many problems as they solve. Human rights and liberalism are just disguises for expansion of power.

Front 22

What are the history and issues with regards to Israel-Palestine conflict?

Back 22

Both jews and arabs claim a historical birthright on the land that is now under israeli sovereignty. Also they both claim privilege on the city of Jerusalem and the sight of the area of Temple Mount.

Front 23

How many wars have the Israelis and Arab nations fought?

Back 23

9 wars total

Front 24

What are the obstacles to lasting peace?

Back 24

settlements of the west bank and who will there, Jerusalem and who will have territory over it which also includes Temple mount. Terrorism on how the palestinians are on arabs land.

Front 25

What was the key event in recent Chinese history?

Back 25

The Tianamen Square Massacre- the man stood in front of the tank to stop terrorism.

Front 26

What makes the US particularly vulnerable to China?

Back 26

Because China is on a rise to be more economically stable, were somewhat intertwined. US debt and china is always willing to help the US out.

Front 27

Where might the US and China face-off in the future?

Back 27

Military conflict: where would the center point be, pacific ocean?

Front 28

What type of warfare is terrorism associated with? What is the relationship between terrorism and the state?

Back 28

Asymmetrical warfare: "Armed conflict between belligerents of vastly unequal strength in which weaker side is often a non-state actor and relies on unconventional tactics"
Terrorism is, among other things, a tactic of asymmetrical warfare (used by the weak)
Terrorism and the state: Terrorist acts planned and carried out or funded and supported by sovereign states. Terrorists can be formal military units or independent cells that receive support and refuge from state.
ex: Syria and Hezbollah, Taliban and Al Qaeda

Front 29

What are the ways of combating terrorism?

Back 29

Armed attacks and bombing
Hijackings
Arson and Sabotage
Attacks on information systems and "cyber-terrorism"

Front 30

What are some of the issues raised in the film Battle of Algiers regarding terrorism?

Back 30

French eliminated islamist terrorism in Algeria in 1950s.
French tactics (torture and police repression) were controversial and created public outcry
France ultimately had to give up its colony in Algeria, end of colonization.

Front 31

Is terrorism asymmetrical or symmetrical?

Back 31

Asymmetrical!

Front 32

Prevention, Preemption and Reaction to terrorism.

Back 32

Prevention: acquiring information and taking action to disrupt attacks in the planning stage, tactics such as: surveillance, interrogation, infiltration and disruption. Background checks, alien smuggling, money laundry.
Preemption: Having knowledge of an imminent attack and taking measures to stop it.
Reaction: To prevent future actions, legal route; investigation, capture, prosecution, punishment. Military route: investigation, destruction through armed intervention.

Front 33

What are some examples of transnational crime?

Back 33

Drugs- small arms proliferation and trafficking, landmines
Alien smuggling and illegal immigration
Money Laundering

Front 34

What is money Laundering?

Back 34

"Washing" money, or making illegal transactions look legitimate

Front 35

Why is transnational crime difficult to fight?

Back 35

Criminals have the advantage
Easier to escape, move money easier, more flexible and quick than the law enforcement.
Not bounded by geography
Not bounded by sovereignty
Pits government against markets
Pits bureaucracy against networks

Front 36

What are the problems associated with the climate change?

Back 36

Rising sea levels-damage agriculture
Heat waves and Desertification-more greenhouse gasses
Increases in rainfall and more severe storms-hurricanes

Front 37

What are some alternative explantations for this problem?

Back 37

Earth goes through cycles of warming and cooling, 30 years ago everyone was worried about global cooling
Nature emits far more carbon dioxide than human civilization
Sun spots activity increases heat radiation from sun, increasing temperature

Front 38

What are some of the proposed solutions?

Back 38

Multilateralism and Institutionalism
States rethinking their national interests to include ecological threats
Individuals rethinking their own lifestyles
the example of ozone depletion

Front 39

What is ozone depletion and how was this problem addressed?

Back 39

A hole in the ozone layer lets in ultraviolet light that causes radiation damage.
The use of CFCs were coming from old style air conditioning units and aerosol spray cans, minimize the use of these products and now ozone depletion is no longer a major problem .