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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1| List the problems for the new nations created in the wake of the withdrawal of European imperialists.
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concessions made to departing colonizers
-underdeveloped economies -divisions between the different ethnic and religious groups -increasing poverty, official corruption -rapidly population growth -break down of traditional culture |
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2| Explain why the ethnic rivalries and communal violence had been epidemic in decolonized African states.
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Developers hastily colonized Africa and established boundaries without reference to ethnic groups or cultural homogeneity.
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3| Name the independent nation that resulted from the fragmentation of Pakistan in 1972.
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Bangladesh
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4| The Ibo peoples attempted to create the independent state of Biafra, but failed to successfully secede from what nation?
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Nigeria
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5| Explain the attitudes of African leaders with respect to altering unnatural boundaries created in the colonial area.
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They feared that a successful secession movement in a neighboring country might encourage dissident minorities into their own nation.
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6| Name the most formidable barrier to economic growth post-colonial Africa.
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Rapid population growth
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7| List how the European colonizers contributed to African population growth.
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-ended local warfare
-railroad and steam links established -intro of new food sources from New World -outlawed birth control |
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8| Describe population growth in the Third World.
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Rate of population growth has begun to decline in recent decades
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9| List the factors for the high birth rate of Third World nations.
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-resistance to birth control
-procreation is a sign of male virility and female fertility – symbol of social standing -to extend family lineages -growing awareness and education regarding population growth issues |
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10| Name one of the chief by-products of population growth in Third World nations.
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Mass migration to cities
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11| Explain what the Third World cities lacked that had made possible the absorption of a similar migrant influx in the West.
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Expanding industrial sectors
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12| Explain the urban poor in Third World cities.
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Development specialists have concluded that slums provide the only urban housing the poor are likely to find
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13| List the problems in the rural environment of Third World countries.
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-deforestation
-depletion of soils -industrial pollution -inefficient farming techniques |
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14| On what have Third World countries traditionally depended to finance industrialization
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The sale of cash crops
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15| In what export commodity have some Third World nations been able to improve the terms under which they participate in the global economy, at least for periods of time?
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Oil
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16| Define “neocolonialism”.
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The continued relegation of the Third World to economic dependency after decolonization
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17| List the drawbacks to accepting investment capital from First and Second World nations.
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-required military alliances
-required for removal of state subsidies or food and other essential items -commitment to buy products of investors -the adaption of Western economic models |
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18| Explain Kwame Nkrumah’s response to the failure of his programs of social reform and economic uplift.
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He forcibly crushed all opposition parties and assumed dictatorial powers
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19| Explain Nkrumah’s Ghana (location and did it have anything to do with ancient Ghana).
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The name Ghana was taken from an Ancient African kingdom centered much farther to the north than the new nation which had little to do the with the people of the Gold Coast
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20| Explain the outcome of Kwame Nkrumah’s political and economic programs.
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Led to failed development schemes and eventual ousting from power in 1966
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21| Name one of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization. (has to do with the military)
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Military takeovers
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22| List the countries that have experienced a military takeover of their government.
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Ghana, Nigeria, Vietnam, South Africa
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23| List factors in explaining the frequency of military takeover in Third World nations.
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-regimentation rendered soldiers more resistant to division by ethnic and religious rivalries
-the military passed a monopoly of force essential in restoring and/or the political crisis -military personal possessing some technical training was often lacking among civil nationalist leaders -most people favored strong military rule |
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24| Name the nation that is among the worst examples of military regimes in the Third World.
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Uganda, Burma, Zaire
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Name the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, an Egyptian reform movement founded in 1928.
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Hasan al-Banna
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26| List the characteristics the Muslim Brotherhood embraced.
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-remedy injustices and rid Egypt of foreign oppressors
-fundamentalist approach to Islam -program of social uplift and sweeping reforms -promotion of trade unions -land reforms -religious unity |
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27| Name the group that led a coup that toppled the Khedive Farouk from power in 1952.
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Free Officers
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28| Name the man who emerged as head of the Egyptian government following the 1952 coup.
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Gamal Abdul Nasser
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29| List the reforms that the military government of Egypt attempted after 1952.
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-land: limits placed on how much an individual could own
-state-financed education through college -government employment program -state subsidies lowered prices of basic food staples |
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30| Name the year that the Egyptian government was able to force the British and their French allies out of the Suez Canal Zone.
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1956
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31| Identify the cornerstone of Egyptian development after 1952.
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Aswan Dam
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32| Explain how Anwar Sadat altered Egyptian policies (with regard to Israel) established by the military government after 1952.
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Moved to end the costly confrontation with Israel
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33| Explain ways that India was similar to Egypt following decolonization.
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Emphasis on socialism and state intervention
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34| Name who governed India in the first decades of independence.
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Jawaharlal Nehru
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35| Explain what India has been successful at, perhaps more than any other Third World nation.
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Civil rights and democracy
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36| Name who was brought to power in 1979 in Iran through a radical revolution.
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Ayatollah Khomeini
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37| In many ways, the Iranian revolution of 1979 is most like what other revolution?
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The anti-colonial resistance movements led by the Mahdi revolution in Sudan in 1885
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38| Explain how Iran was unlike other areas of the Third World.
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Strong emphasis on modernization, but had been reduced to an informal sphere of influence (as opposed to formal colonization)
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39| Explain why development schemes in Iran were forestalled.
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-the shah alienated great masses of people
-a lengthy and exhausting border war with neighboring Iran |
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40| Name the European colonizer, other than Britain, that was able to hold on to its colonies in Africa into the mid-1970s.
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Portugal
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41| Name the party that South African politics were dominated by from 1948.
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Nationalist Party
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42| Explain the “homelands” established by the government in South Africa.
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Spatial separation, areas designed to maintain linguistic groups of indigenous people in South Africa
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43| List the methods used by the South African government to suppress dissent among the black population.
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-arrest of opposition leaders
-favoritism to some leaders in order to divide opponents of apartheid -use of spies and police informers -creation of state police |
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44| Name the person that was freed in 1990 that showed one of the signs of slightly diminished racial tensions in South Africa.
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Nelson Mandela
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