Whap Chapter 18,19,20 Test

Front 1

Name the territory that was added to Russia.

Back 1

Asia

Front 2

Name the political center that served as the focal point for the Russian liberation from the Mongols.

Back 2

Duchy of Moscow

Front 3

Name the Russian ruler that was a large part of Russia freed from Mongol control in the 15th century.

Back 3

Ivan III

Front 4

Name the government that Ivan the Great claims to have succeeded as the “Third Rome”.

Back 4

Byzantine Empire

Front 5

Name the empire that Ivan the Terrible declared that the Russian empire was the successor to.

Back 5

Rome

Front 6

Define Cossacks.

Back 6

Peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in the Byzantine Empire

Front 7

Name the family that was selected in 1613 to establish a new ruling dynasty in Russia.

Back 7

The Romanov Family

Front 8

List the accomplishments of Tsar Michael.

Back 8

a)The establishment of internal order
b)Driving out foreign invaders
c) A successful war against Poland
d)Inclusion of part of the Ukraine, including Kiev, in the Russian empire

Front 9

Explain who the Old Believers were.

Back 9

Russians who refused to accept tsarist reforms of the Orthodox Church and who were exiled to Siberia for their conservatism

Front 10

Explain the political aspects of Western culture that Peter the Great emulated in Russia.

Back 10

a)Streamlined bureaucracy
b)Recognized military

Front 11

Explain how Peter the Great shifted the foreign policy interests of Russia.

Back 11

Peter’s wars with the Ottoman Empire and with Sweden indicated a westward shift in Russian expansion to the West

Front 12

List Peter the Great’s political reforms.

Back 12

a)Elimination of noble councils- created a new set of advisors under his councils
b)Specialized bureaucracy
c)Improved military weaponry
d)Systemization of law codes

Front 13

Name the industries where Peter the Great’s program of economic development was concentrated.

Back 13

a)mining
b) metallurgical industries

Front 14

Name the purpose of Peter the Great’s policy of economic development.

Back 14

To avoid the need of importing military armaments

Front 15

Explain Catherine the Great’s attitude toward the program of Westernization.

Back 15

Catherine flirted vigorously with the ideas of the French Enlightenment, but failed to take the steps to abolish serfdom

Front 16

Name the areas that were colonized or claimed by the Russian empire during the reign of Catherine the Great.

Back 16

a)Parts of Siberia
b)Poland
c)The Pacific Coast of North America as far south as California
d)Alaska

Front 17

Name the countries that participated in the successive partitions of Poland.

Back 17

a)Poland
b)Russia
c)Prussia
d)Austria

Front 18

Explain how the politics of the Russian nobility were expressed.

Back 18

Expressed through service in the tsarist state and the preeminent power they wielded over the peasant serfs

Front 19

Eastern Europe’s growing economic subordination to the West led to what kind of development.

Back 19

Coercibe labor systems

Front 20

Name the percentage of the Russian population that remained rural in the 18th century.

Back 20

95%

Front 21

Explain what Pugachev did in the 1770s.

Back 21

Led the Russian peasant rebellion

Front 22

Explain the merchant class in Russia during the 18th century.

Back 22

Failed to develop

Front 23

Characterize Russia’s growing economic dependence on the West during the 18th century.

Back 23

a)Exportation of raw materials-furs, grains, and timber
b)The need to imitate the West
c)Importation of luxuries and some manufactured goods
d)A coercive labor system

Front 24

Explain where in the Americas the Spanish created the models that were applied throughout their possessions in the New World.

Back 24

Caribbean

Front 25

Define encomiendas.

Back 25

Grants of Indians to individual Spaniards in a kind of serfdom

Front 26

Name the group of Indians that supplied agricultural labor for the Spaniards in the Caribbean.

Back 26

Taino

Front 27

Describe what friar Bartolom e’ de Las Casas did for the Indians.

Back 27

a)Converted natives to Christianity
b)Initiated the struggle for justice for the Indians

Front 28

Name the person responsible for the conquest of the Aztec empire in Mexico.

Back 28

Hernan Cortes

Front 29

Name the Indian institutions that were retained by the Spanish to serve European administration purposes.

Back 29

The traditional Indian nobility remained in place, supported by Spanish authority, as middle men between the tax and labor demands of the new rulers, and the majority of the population

Front 30

Explain the mita.

Back 30

The colonial governments replaced the labor of the encomiendas with Indian labor extracted through local officials to work on state projects, like churches, mines, etc.

Front 31

Name where the greatest silver mine was located.

Back 31

Potosi’ in Upper Peru

Front 32

Characterize the agricultural system of Spanish America.

Back 32

a)Spanish America remained predominately an agrarian economy
b)Where large sedentary populations lived, Indian communal agriculture of traditional crops continued
c)As populations dwindled, Spanish ranches and farms began to emerge, finding land ownership more attractive
d)South American was known mainly for sugar and latercacao, not as a producer of wheat or rye
e)Crops exported to Europe from Spanish America made up only a small fraction of the value of the exports in comparison with silver

Front 33

Explain how the importation of American bullion negatively affected the Spanish.

Back 33

Led to the sharp rise in prices and a general inflation, first in Spain and then throughout western Europe

Front 34

Name the group of people who were most critical to the bureaucratic administration of the Spanish colonies in America.

Back 34

Letrados, university trained lawyers

Front 35

Explain the Recopilacion.

Back 35

Codified the laws into the basis for government in the colonies. Viceroys subdivided into 10 judicial divisions controlled by superior courts.

Front 36

Define audiencias.

Back 36

Superior courts

Front 37

List what the Catholic Church introduced to American life.

Back 37

a)The construction of Baroque churches
b)Universities
c)The Printing press
d)Monasteries

Front 38

Name who caused the first landfall in the colony of Brazil in 1500.

Back 38

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Front 39

Define the captaincies.

Back 39

Strips of land granted to the Portugese nobles

Front 40

Name the proportion of the Brazilian population that made up the slaves.

Back 40

1/2

Front 41

Name the primary difference between the Spanish and Portuguese empires.

Back 41

a)Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively American, the Portugese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and Africa, as well as Brazil
b)Unlike Spanish America, Brazil had neither universities nor printing presses

Front 42

Name the conditions that undercut the position of the Brazilian sugar plantation economy.

Back 42

Dutch, English, and French had established their own sugar plantation colonies in the Caribbean and were producing sugar, with slave labor. This competition led to a rising price for slaves and a falling world price for sugar, undercutting the Brazilian sugar industries

Front 43

Name the port that was associated with the discovery of gold in Brazil and subsequently became the capital of the colony.

Back 43

Rio de Janeiro

Front 44

Explain the negative impact of the discovery of gold on Portugal.

Back 44

Portugal could buy the manufactured goods it needed for itself and its colonies, as few industries were developed in the mother country. As a result, much of the Brazilian gold flowed from Portugal to England to pay for manufactured goods and to compensate for trade imbalance because the value of English manufacturers was greater than that of Portuguese wine

Front 45

Explain the intent of the reformed Spanish policy of commercio libre

Back 45

Opened trade to many ports in Spain and the Indies, although trade was still restricted to Spaniards or to ships sailing under Spanish license

Front 46

List the Spanish reforms in the Americas in the 18th century.

Back 46

a)French Intendancy system was introduced
b)Government improved, but the traditional patterns of influence and power among the Creole bureaucrats was disrupted

Front 47

List the early modern Islamic empires

Back 47

a)Abbasid
b)Ottoman
c)Mughal
d)Safavid
e)Seljuk Turks

Front 48

Name the group that dominated the Abbasid dynasty prior to the Mongol invasions.

Back 48

The Seljuk Turks

Front 49

Name the original base of the Ottoman Turks.

Back 49

Anatolia

Front 50

Name who restored the Ottoman empire following the Timurid invasions.

Back 50

Mehmed I

Front 51

Name the year the Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine empire.

Back 51

1453

Front 52

Define Janissaries

Back 52

Slave troops of the ottoman forcibly conscripted as adolescents from conquered territories

Front 53

Name the head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy

Back 53

Vizier

Front 54

Name one of the most beautiful of the Ottoman mosques of Constantinople.

Back 54

Suleymaniye

Front 55

Name the chosen language of the Ottoman court.

Back 55

Turkish

Front 56

Name the century when the Ottoman galleys were eclipsed by Western naval power.

Back 56

16th

Front 57

Name the European nation that first threatened the Ottoman monopoly of trade with East Africa and India.

Back 57

Portugal

Front 58

Name the group that represented such extreme conservatism within the Ottoman empire that reform was frustrated.

Back 58

Janissaries

Front 59

Name the center of the Safavid empire (modern day state).

Back 59

Iran

Front 60

Name the variant of Islam the Safavid dynasty began from.

Back 60

Sufi

Front 61

Name the year that the first Safavid was declared shah.

Back 61

1501

Front 62

Explain the Red Heads.

Back 62

Followers of the safavids were called redheads because of their distinctive head gear

Front 63

Name the first Safavid Shah.

Back 63

Ismail

Front 64

Name the Shah who brought the Safavid empire to its greatest extent.

Back 64

Abbas the great

Front 65

Name the official language of the Safavid empire after Chaldiran

Back 65

Persian

Front 66

Name the capital of the Safavid empire under Abbas the Great.

Back 66

Isfahan

Front 67

Name the immediate successor of the Safavid dynasty in Persia.

Back 67

Nadir Khan Afshar

Front 68

Name the founder of the Mughal dynasty.

Back 68

Babur

Front 69

Name the battle that the first Mughal emperor successfully defeated the Muslim ruler of the Lodi dynasty in 1526

Back 69

Panipat

Front 70

List the goals of Aurangzeb.

Back 70

He was determined to extend Mughal control over the whole of the Indian subcontinent and he believed that it was his duty to purify Indian islam and rid it of the hindu influences.