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138 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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more food than is needed
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surplus
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a grassy plain
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savanna
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a group of households claiming a common ancestor
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lineage
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parents and children living together as a unit
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nuclear family
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the founder of the kingdom of Mali
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Sundiata
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language meaning "of the coast" that emerged in East Africa
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Swahili
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an ancient African kingdom on the upper Nile River
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Nubia
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a waterfall
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King Lalibela
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a Native American ceremony in which high-ranking persons distribute gifts to many guests
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potlatch
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they created the earliest American civilization
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Olmecs
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the location of cliff dwellings in Colorado
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Mesa Verde
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the Native Americans of the Arctic
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Inuit
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the artificial mud islands the Aztecs built to create farmland
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chinampas
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People of the first American civilization
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Olmecs
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Founder of the Incan empire
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Pachacuti
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Cliff-dwellers of Mesa Verde
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Anasazi
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World’s largest desert
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Sahara
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Ancient kingdom located along the fertile land of the upper Nile
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Nubia
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Center for trade and learning in Mali
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Timbuktu
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an estate granted to a vassal by his lord
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fief
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the Frankish leader who conquered the former Roman province of Gaul
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Clovis
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a wandering musician
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troubadour
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the founder of the first order of friars
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St. Francis of Assisi
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a peasant bound to the land
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serf
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a trainee in the guild system
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apprentice
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a series of wars between Christians and Muslims for control of Middle Eastern lands
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Crusades
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the Holy Roman Emperor who fought to control wealthy northern Italian cities
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Frederick Barbarossa
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a campaign to drive Muslims from the Iberian peninsula
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Reconquista
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the English king who signed the Magna Carta
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King John
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the use of reason to support Christian beliefs
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scholasticism
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the capital of the Byzantine empire
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Constantinople
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a tsar who left Russia seething with rebellion at the time of his death
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Ivan the Terrible
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a tsar who brought much of northern Russia under his rule
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Ivan the Great
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a Byzantine emperor determined to revive ancient Rome
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Justinian
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the center of the first Russian state
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Kiev
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a free resident of a Greek city-state
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citizen
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an Athenian statesman who expanded democracy
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Pericles
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the Greek physician who set ethical standards for doctors
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Hippocrates
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the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
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Homer
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a Greek city-state, consisting of a city and the surrounding countryside
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polis
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the Egyptian cultural capital of the Hellenistic world
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Alexandria
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a person who gains power by force
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tyrant
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a Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Athena
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Parthenon
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the Greek historian often called the “Father of History”
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Herodotus
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the study of the origins and development of humans and human society
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anthropology
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the skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs
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technology
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the era in prehistory that dates from at least 2 million B.C. to about 10,000 B.C.
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Paleolithic Period
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describes people who believe in many gods
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polytheistic
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the belief that spirits and forces exist within animals, objects, or dreams
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animism
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an early step in the development of writing
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pictographs
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the prehistoric era that began about 10,000 B.C.
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Neolithic Period
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the female ruler of Egypt who encouraged trade during the New Kingdom
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Hatshepsut
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the form of writing in which symbols or pictures represent concepts or sounds
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hieroglyphics
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the key to unlocking the meaning of ancient Egyptian writing and language
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Rosetta Stone
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the form of writing composed of wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets
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cuneiform
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the ruler who is thought to have built the Hanging Gardens in Babylon
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Nebuchadnezzar
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religious figure who introduced the idea of a single wise god to the Persian empire
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Zoroaster
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This man named himself “First Citizen” and ruled for 45 years.
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Octavian (Augustus Caesar)
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This man was a great military leader who conquered Gaul and is remembered for introducing a new calendar.
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Julius Caesar
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This man was the author of the Aeneid.
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Virgil
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This is the name for the 200 years of Roman peace.
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Pax Romana
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This man is the Hellenistic scientist who argued that the Earth was the center of the universe.
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Ptolemy
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a religious group that has broken away from an established church
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sect
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wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and keep power
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Niccolò Machiavelli
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a government run by religious leaders
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theocracy
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proposed a heliocentric model of the universe
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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an artist who made sketches of flying machines centuries before the first airplane
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Leonardo da Vinci
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showed that gravity keeps planets in orbit
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Isaac Newton
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started a printing revolution
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Johann Gutenberg
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the idea that God long ago decided who would be saved and who would not
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predestination
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the city that produced many Renaissance artists and scholars with the support of the Medici family
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Florence
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the Native American name for corn
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maize
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a mixture of clay and plant fibers that becomes hard as it dries in the sun
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adobe
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the West African kingdom that grew around the wealthy trading city of Gao, its capital
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Songhai
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directed the building of churches carved out of rock in Ethiopia
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King Lalibela
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Aztec sun god
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Huitzilopochtli
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Incan sun god
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Inti
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farming civilization in the desert southwest of North America
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Hohokams
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early mound builders in the Ohio Valley
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Adena
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kingdom of the Soninke people located between the Niger and Senegal rivers
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Ghana
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capital of Songhai
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Gao
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kingdom in the rain forests of the Guinea coast
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Benin
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Christian kingdom in the mountains of East Africa
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Ethiopia
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capital of the inland empire whose name means "great stone buildings"
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Great Zimbabwe
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Scholars believe the first people who arrived in the Americas came from where?
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Siberia across a land bridge to Alaska
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The Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) protected themselves from raiders by building what kind of housing complexes?
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housing complexes on cliffs
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The nomadic people who migrated into the Valley of Mexico about 1200 AD are known as the?
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Aztecs
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What helped Pachacuti to establish the first dynasty of the Inca?
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he enlisted conquered people in his armies
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The Inca kept records of economic, religious, and other information with a system of colored strings called?
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colored strings called quipu
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All the roads in the great Inca empire led through their capital city?
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Cuzco
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The Islamic university in Timbuktu was one result of the hajj made by?
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Mansa Musa
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The kingdom of Nubia absorbed culture and traditions from the civilization of?
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Egypt
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The griots of West Africa preserved what?
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oral traditions
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Pope Leo III proclaimed Charlemagne to be emperor of the Romans because Charlemagne had done what?
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crushed a rebellion in Rome
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To achieve salvation, medieval Christians believed that they must receive what?
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the sacraments
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What was chivalry?
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a code of conduct fro knights
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The claim of papal supremacy held that the pope had power over who
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the pope had authority over all kings and emperors
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In 1122, the treaty called the Concordat of Worms gave the church the sole power to do what?
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elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority
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What was one major effect of the Hundred Years’ War?
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English rulers turned to new trading ventures overseas
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At the Council of Clermont in 1095, why did Roman Pope Urban II rally Christians to help Byzantine emperor Alexius I?
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to drive Muslim Turks from the Holy Land
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What was a major effect of the Black Death (think wages & prices)?
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there were large increases in wages and prices throughout Europe
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How did the William the Conqueror strengthen his power after becoming king of England in 1066?
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He required every vassal to swear first allegiance to him
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Why did King John sign the Magna Carta in Egland in 1215?
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to appease rebellious nobles angered over his abuse of power
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What was one major benefit of the location of the city of Constantinople?
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it commanded key trade routes linking Europe and Asia
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What was Justinian’s most important achievement?
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his "Body of Civil Law"
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Under the rule of Justinian, the Byzantine empire built the _________________ _______________ force in the world
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strongest & military
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After the Great Schism, the Byzantine church became known as the?
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Eastern Orthodox Church
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What are the five pillars of Islam?
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prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, belief in one god, alms
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Many lower-caste Hindus in India converted to Islam because?
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Islam taught that all believers were equal
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Early modern humans developed spoken language so they could do what?
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cooperate during the hunt
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What are the basic characteristics of civilization?
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traditional economy, nomadic lifestyle, and culture
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The New Stone Age began when early people learned to do what?
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farm
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Hammurabi’s Code was important because it was the first time that a state’s laws were?
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were set down in writing
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What are the Four Noble Truth’s?
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1. Life means suffering.
2. The origin of suffering is attachment. 3. The cessation of suffering is attainable. 4. The path to the cessation of suffering. |
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Why did Shu Huangdi order the construction of the Great Wall?
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to discourage invasion from the north
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What caste had the strictest rule in India’s caste system?
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people in the higher castes had the strictest rules
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According to the Mandate of Heaven developed during the Zhou dynasty?
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the gods would end their support for a weak or corrupt ruler
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Which Greek-speaking people dominated the Aegean world from about 1400 BCE to 1200 BCE, and probably started the Trojan War?
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Mycenaeans
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Why did some Spartan women have the responsibility of running the family’s estate?
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frequent warfare kept Spartan men away from home
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What was one major effect of the Greek victory in the Persian Wars?
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Greeks became more convinced of their own uniqueness.
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What Greek philosopher believed good conduct meant pursuing the “golden mean”?
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Aristotle
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What was the major effect of the Peloponnesian War (think Athens)?
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it ended the Athenian domination of the Greek world
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The Hellenistic scientist Archimedes applied principles of __________ to make practical ________________.
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physics & inventions
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Athens differed from Sparta (think about the individual) in that it
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placed emphasis on the individual
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Athens differed from Sparta (think about the individual) in that it?
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placed emphasis on the individual
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Under the rule of Pericles in Athens, large numbers of citizens had what?
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large number of citizens had the right to vote directly on laws
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In his Republic, Plato describes an ideal what?
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an ideal state ruled by a philosopher-king
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In the Punic Wars, Rome gained control of lands around the Mediterranean Sea by defeating who?
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the Carthaginians
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To try to restore order to the empire, Roman emperor Diocletian did what?
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divided the empire into two parts
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Who was the great Carthaginian general who nearly defeated the Romans in the 2nd Punic War?
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Hannibal
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The system of law that developed under the Roman republic and applied to citizens was called (think contract, wills, divorce, and marriage)?
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civil law
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What important change did the Roman emperor Constantine make in 313 AD?
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he granted religious toleration to Christians
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One way that Renaissance artists reflected the new ideas of humanism was by painting what?
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well-known people of the day
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The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of who?
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John Calvin
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What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
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direct the reform of the Catholic Church
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Rene Descartes believed that the best road to understanding was through what?
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human reasoning
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The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa were the work of the great artist?
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Leonardo da Vinci
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What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England?
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Henry VIII wanted a divorce
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