W.h. : Empires Of The Americas (40,000Bce-Ad700)

Front 1

An ancient land bridge over which animals & the earliest Americans are believed to have migrated from Asia to America

Back 1

Beringia

Hint 1

An exposed & frozen isthmus between Siberia, Asia and Alaska during the last Ice Age.

Front 2

A very cold period in which
huge ice sheets spread outward from the Polar Regions; last one lasting between 1,900,000-10,000BCE

Back 2

Ice Age

Hint 2

enabled the beringia land bridge to allow animals & early humans to migrate into the Americas

Front 3

A cultivated cereal grain that bears kernels on large ears; corn in U.S.

Back 3

Maize

Hint 3

staple of native american diet

Front 4

People enjoyed a more reliable source of food; families settled & formed large communities, humans learned new skills in arts, crafts, architecture & social organization & complex societies arose

Back 4

Effects of Agriculture

Hint 4

antecedent of civilizations

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An early Native American people who lived in S.W. North America & had an agrarian economy; cliffdwellers

Back 5

Anasazi

Hint 5

houses built like apartments in cliffs of canyons

Front 6

The earliest known civilization in Mezoamerica from 1200BCE & influenced later societies in the region

Back 6

Olmec

Hint 6

made huge stone heads which resembled Africans more than native americans.

Front 7

Extending from Central Mexico to Honduras where several of the anxient complex societies of Americans developed

Back 7

Mesoamerica

Hint 7

cultures in this area were the Olmec, Zapotec, Mayan, Aztec & Chiva Empires

Front 8

An early Mesoamerican civilization that was centered in Oaxaca Valley of what is now Mexico.

Back 8

Zapotec

Front 9

The first Zapotec Civilization (500BCE) built the 1st real urban center in the Americas.

Back 9

Monte Alban

Hint 9

1st urban city in Americas w/ population between 15,000 up to 25,000.

Front 10

A rugged region of mountains & valleys of Southern Mexico where 3 valleys meet in center of state forming a large open area

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Oaxaca Valley

Hint 10

home to Zapotecs & later tribes

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1st major civilization of S. America which flourished in the highlands of Peru from 900-200 BCE; introduced religion of the jaguar.

Back 11

Chavin

Hint 11

Jaguar cult features often combined with human figures in a way similar to Olmec figures of Middle America

Front 12

A civilization that flourished on what is now the northern coast of Peru from about AD100-AD700.

Back 12

Nasca

Hint 12

Created Nasca Lines - over 1,000 land drawings of animals, plants, humans, geometric shapes so huge they can only be recognized from planes.

Front 13

A civilization that flourished on what is now the northern coast of Peru from AD100 to AD700.

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Moche

Hint 13

Co-existed with the Nasca; known for fine pottery emphsizing sculptural form & metalcraft of copper, gold & gems.

Front 14

Mountain range of western S. America stretching about 4,500 miles from Columbia in north to Chile in South.

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Andes Mountains

Hint 14

home of the Incan Empire

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North American Native American Empires that flourished betw. 1000-1300AD
Built huge mounds of earth in shapes of animals

Back 15

Moundbuilder Empires

Hint 15

East of Great Plains, used artificial mounds for burials at 1st then as ceremonial mounds.

Front 16

The last great Indian civilization to dominate Middle America; great builders; warlike people who used human sacrifice extensively & religious cannibalism; lived at Tenochtitlan on island in middle of a lake

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Aztec

Hint 16

excellent potters, textile weavers, feather embroiderers, stonecutters, & goldsmiths.

Front 17

Civilization in Guatemala & S. Mexico; great artists, architects, & mathematicians; developed form of writing; made bark-cloth books w/ text & illustrations

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Maya

Hint 17

scultors of stone, wood, and clay; ceremonial chambers w/ battle scenes & pictures of imaginary creatures

Front 18

religious leaders of native american tribes

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Shaman

Front 19

Native Americans of the Eastern U.S. including the Iroquois of New York State; made masks of wood carved from trees, animal hair and eyes & teeth of metal

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Eastern Woodland Tribes

Hint 19

Included Adena, Hopewell, & Mississippian tribes of the eastern U.S.; develped into League of Nations

Front 20

In Arizona & New Mexico the Pueblo Indians built stone & adobe (unfired clay) houses; 1st apartment houses of New World

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Southwestern Tribes

Hint 20

Includes Hohokum, Mongollon, Navaho, Pueblo, ; made paintings by pouring sand of various colors on a smooth floor; pueblo painted ceremonial chambers w/ religious symbols of rain & crops.

Front 21

Centers for religious ceremonies in Pueblo Indian villages; built partly underground with an entrance through a hole in the roof

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Kivas

Hint 21

religious ceremonial room entered from a hole in roof

Front 22

French-Canadian word given to the Indian game of Eastern Woodland indians

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Lacrosse

Hint 22

teams used a single stuffed deerskin ball & two rackets.

Front 23

Long-stemmed pipe used in Indian ceremonies in N.A.; the peacepipe smoked to unite hostile indian tribes/nations

Back 23

Calumet

Hint 23

indian peace-pipe

Front 24

Name given to strings of shell beads made by Indians in coastal areas. Used as gifts, barter, trade or money

Back 24

Wampum

Hint 24

bead currency

Front 25

Carved tablets used as calendars or records of events among the Maya

Back 25

Stelae

Hint 25

Mayan calendar