W.h. : Classical Greece (2000Bce-300Bce)

Front 1

An Ino-European person who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000BCE.

Back 1

Mycenaean

Hint 1

these people's leading city was Mycenae, heavily fortified on a steep, rocky ridge in southern Greece.

Front 2

A war, fought around 1200BCE in which an army led by Mycennaean kings attacked the independent trading city of Troy in Anatolia.

Back 2

Trojan War

Hint 2

Homer's Illiad told of this war against ______.

Front 3

A Greek-speaking people that traditonally may have migrated into mainland Greece after destruction of the Mycennaean Civilization

Back 3

Dorians

Hint 3

a people related to Bronze age Greeks, spoke Greek & less advanced w/ no written record 1150-750BCE, gov. by city states not tribal/clan

Front 4

A blind Greek storyteller believed to have written the epics Illiad & Odyssey

Back 4

Homer

Hint 4

wrote epics between 750-700BCE about the Trojan War & voyage back to Greece

Front 5

A long, narrative poem celebrating heroic deeds of legendary or traditional heroes.

Back 5

epic

Hint 5

Ex. The Illiad & The Odyssey

Front 6

A traditional story about the gods, ancestors, or heroes told to explain the natural world/customs & beliefs of society

Back 6

myth

Hint 6

Thegony by Hesiod was the source of many Greek _______, as a way to understand nature's mysteries and power of human passions.

Front 7

A Greek city-state; the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after 750BCE

Back 7

polis

Hint 7

a city & surrounding countryside including villages (50-500 sq.miles w/ < 10,000 residents)

Front 8

A fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city.

Back 8

acropolis

Hint 8

place citizens gathered to discuss city government

Front 9

A government in which power is in the hands of a single person.

Back 9

monarchy

Hint 9

rule by a hereditary King/Queen

Front 10

A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

Back 10

aristocracy

Hint 10

small group of rich, noble landowning families who gained political power from serving in king's military cavalry

Front 11

A government in which power is shared between the nobility and wealthy merchants & artisans

Back 11

oligarchy

Hint 11

gov. rule by a few powerful wealthy people.

Front 12

In ancient Greece, a powerful individual who gained control of a city-state's government by appealing to the poor.

Back 12

tyrant

Hint 12

powerful political leader that may rule justly/cruelly in representing needs of people; set up building projects to provide jobs & housing for supporters.

Front 13

A government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives.

Back 13

democracy

Hint 13

In Athens, Greece a government in which citizens participate directly in political decision-making

Front 14

A peasant bound to the land in the society of ancient Sparta

Back 14

helot

Hint 14

Messenians became ______ or peasants forced to stay on land they worked (forced sharecroppers)& owed half their crops to Sparta.

Front 15

A military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and sheilds.

Back 15

phalanx

Hint 15

military formation composed of foot soldiers standing side by side w/each holding a spear & shield

Front 16

A series of wars in the 5th C. BCE in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire.

Back 16

Persian Wars

Hint 16

Persian king Darius the Great attacked the Greek Ionians leading to Battle of Marathon in which Athens decidedly defeated Persia w/ loss of only 200 to 6000 Persians

Front 17

Government in which citizens rule directly rather than through representatives.

Back 17

Direct Democracy

Hint 17

Each citizen takes part in political decision-making (ex. New England town meeting)

Front 18

The art of ancient Greece & Rome, in which harmony, order, & proportion were emphasized.

Back 18

classical art

Hint 18

Examples: Red & Black pottery, Nike of Samothrace sculpture, The Parthenon, & Dramatic Masks & Theater

Front 19

A serious form of drama dealing with the downfall of a heroic/noble character.

Back 19

tragedy

Hint 19

Two types of Greek Plays were Comedy & _______ depicted by the masks the actors wore.

Front 20

A humorous form of drama that often includes slapstick & satire.

Back 20

comedy

Hint 20

Playwright Aristophanes wrote The Birds and Lysistrata which were two great forms of _________.

Front 21

A war, lasting from 431-404 BCE in which the people of Athens & its allies were defeated by Sparta & its allies.

Back 21

Peloponnesian War

Hint 21

In this war Athens had the stronger navy & Sparta the stronger army; Athens suffered a plague and defeats on land and sea

Front 22

A thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society & morality

Back 22

philosopher

Hint 22

Greek word meaning "lovers of wisdom"

Front 23

Greek Philosopher who left behind no writings but was discussed by Plato & Aristophones as being wise & eccentric; used method of questioning to find answers

Back 23

Socrates

Hint 23

found guilty of corrupting youth of Athens & not honoring the Greek gods; committed suicide drinking Hemlock poison

Front 24

Student of Socrates who wrote "The Republic" ; founded The Academy in 387 BCE

Back 24

Plato

Hint 24

used the quote: " Philosophy begins in wonder"

Front 25

Son of a physician, student at The Academy; opened his own school The Lyseum (335BCE)

Back 25

Aristotle

Hint 25

Quote: "He who studies how things originated...will achieve the clearest view of them"

Front 26

King of Macedonia in 329BCE at age 23; brillian general & ruthless politician, used phalanx military formation & pykes in battle; conquered Greek City-States in Battle of Chaeronea 338BC

Back 26

Phillip II

Hint 26

wished to invade Persia but was assassinated at daughter's wedding

Front 27

Mountainous region of Greece with rought territory & cold climate; citizens were hardy mountain people

Back 27

Macedonia

Hint 27

Less sophisticated than other city-states w/ little sculpture, pottery, theatre or art but had shrewd, strong kings

Front 28

Son of Philip II who became King of Macedonia in 336 BCE at age 20, was taught 3 yrs. by Aristotle; great military tactitian, conquered Persian Empire

Back 28

Alexander the Great

Hint 28

Defeated Darius III & invaded Indiain 326BC, fought for 11 yrs. & marched 11,000 miles; fell ill w/fever in spring 323BC & died @ age 32.

Front 29

King of Persia who raised an army of 50-75,000 soldiers to stop Alexander's army at Issus (335BC)& later @ Gaugamela Both were lost & Persia was conquered in 332BC.

Back 29

Darius III

Hint 29

wounded & died by his generals after Battle of Gaugamela

Front 30

Relating to the civilization, language, art, science, and literature of Greeksfrom reign of Alexander the Great to the late 2nd Century.

Back 30

Hellenistic

Hint 30

Greek (Hellenic) culture blended w/ Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures (all regions Alexander conquered)

Front 31

An Egyptian city of the Hellenistic world which became a commercial center of Hellenistic culture, home of the Pharos Lighthouse & Alexanders' Glass Coffin, royal palaces & major harbors on Mediterranean Sea

Back 31

Alexandria

Hint 31

built by Alexander the Great; home of Alexandria Library held 500,000 papyrus scrolls & Museum had art galleries, a zoo, botanical gardens & dining hall as an advance learning institute.

Front 32

A mathematician of Alexandria who taught & wrote "The Elements" as the basis for modern Geometry Courses

Back 32

Euclid

Hint 32

developed 465 propositions & proofs for Geometric Theorems

Front 33

Hellenistic scientist of Syracuse who studied at Alexandria; explained laws of the lever as a tool.

Back 33

Archimedes

Hint 33

developed ideas leading to inventions like the force pump, pneumatics & a steam engine; discovered value of Pi as ratio of circumference of circle to its diameter

Front 34

A 100ft. high bronze statue standing at the entrance to island of Rhodes harbor which became one of 7 Wonders of Ancient World

Back 34

Colossus of Rhodes

Hint 34

destroyed by eathquade in 225BCE & sold for scrap bronze

Front 35

A person who has certain rights & duties because he/she lives in a particular city/town.

Back 35

Citizen

Hint 35

In the U.S.A. if you are born within its borders you are automatically a ________, immigrants can be naturalized through legal procedures.

Front 36

To rise up against a government; to refuse to obey the people in charge.

Back 36

Revolt

Hint 36

People in many countries _______ during a revolution against the government

Front 37

The basic laws & rules of a government.

Back 37

Constitution

Hint 37

The U.S. ___________ was written by James Madison as a blueprint for government

Front 38

A group of people who listen to the facts and decide if a person on trial is guilty or not guilty.

Back 38

Jury

Hint 38

a person on trial for a crime is entitled to a ______ & trial by his peers.

Front 39

A deadly disease that spreads quickly

Back 39

Plague

Hint 39

Ex. Smallpox, Bubonic, Typhoid, et.al.

Front 40

A person trained to take part in competitive sports events.

Back 40

Athlete

Hint 40

The Olympic Games of Greece involved many ___________ who competed against one another

Front 41

To murder a leader or other important person

Back 41

Assassinate

Hint 41

Phillip II of Macedonia was ___________ by a former guard at his daughter's wedding.

Front 42

A series of battles all aimed at one military end

Back 42

Campaign

Hint 42

Alexander launched an 11 yr. series of Military _____________.

Front 43

The drive to become powerful, successful, or famous

Back 43

Ambition

Hint 43

Alexander's _________ was to conquer the world and assimilate many cultures.

Front 44

A person who gains control by winning a war.

Back 44

Conqueror

Hint 44

Most ambitious military leaders Alexander was a ___________ of many countries and empires.

Front 45

A high-ranking military officer.

Back 45

General

Hint 45

Commander of an army whose rank is noted by stars in the U.S. Armed Forces.