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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Geocentric Theory
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Earth is the center of the universe; the sun revolves around the earth
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Scientific Revolution
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Scientists began to question accepted belifes; made new theories based on experimentation.
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Heliocentric Theory
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Copernicus' idea; sun is the center of the solar system- Kepler used math to support Copernicus' theory.
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Scientific Method
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Logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.
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Enlightenment
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New intellectual movement that stressed reason, thought, and the power of individuals to solve problems
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Social Contract
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Right to govern
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Philosphes
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French word for philiosophers; advocated reason.
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salons
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Held in large drawing rooms; met to discuess ideas
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Francis Bacon
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English statesman and writer; encouraged experimenting then making a conslusion= experimental method
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Rene Descartes
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discovered analytical geometry, which linked algebra and geometry.Relied on mathematics and logic.
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Hobbes
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Believed all humans were evil and selfish; ruler needed total power to keep citizens under control.
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John Locke
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positive view of human nature; believed people could learn from expirences. Disliked absolute monarchy, agreed with self government
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Voltaire( franois marie arouet)
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writer who targeted the clergy, gov., nad aristocracy.
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Baron de Montesqieu
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Believed in separation of powers, so that not one group could gain too much power.(checks and balances)
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Jean Jacques Rousseu
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comitted to individual freedom; civilization corrupted peoples' natural goodness. Agreement among free individuals to create a society and a gov.
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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Women and men should be equal, in education and in the work field.
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Catherine the Great
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Ruled Russia; ruled with absolute authority, but wanted ro reform Russia. reccomended allowing religious toleration & abolishing torture
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salons
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Held in large drawing rooms; met to discuess ideas
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Francis Bacon
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English statesman and writer; encouraged experimenting then making a conslusion= experimental method
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Rene Descartes
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discovered analytical geometry, which linked algebra and geometry.Relied on mathematics and logic.
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Hobbes
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Believed all humans were evil and selfish; ruler needed total power to keep citizens under control.
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John Locke
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positive view of human nature; believed people could learn from expirences. Disliked absolute monarchy, agreed with self government
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Voltaire( franois marie arouet)
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writer who targeted the clergy, gov., nad aristocracy.
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Baron de Montesqieu
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Believed in separation of powers, so that not one group could gain too much power.(checks and balances)
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Jean Jacques Rousseu
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comitted to individual freedom; civilization corrupted peoples' natural goodness. Agreement among free individuals to create a society and a gov.
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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Women and men should be equal, in education and in the work field.
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Catherine the Great
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Ruled Russia; ruled with absolute authority, but wanted ro reform Russia. reccomended allowing religious toleration & abolishing torture
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Old Regime
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The social and political system of France; the people of France were divided into 3 estates
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Estates
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1st estate- clergy
2nd estate- nobles 3rd estate: lacked priviledges; tradespeople, appprentices, laborers. |
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Bourgeoisie
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middle class; bankers, factory owners, merchants, professionals, and skilled artisians.
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Estates-General
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a meeting with a representative from all 3 estates
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National Assembly
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Name for 3rd estate; which they would pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people
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Tennis Court Oath
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3rd estate was locked out of a meeting; broke down an indoor tennis court door; pledged to stay until a new constitution was drawn out.
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Great Fear
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Rebellion swept across the countryside; rumors started that nobles wanted to terrorize the peasants.
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Storming of Bastille
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Great symbolic act of revolution to the French People
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Legislative Assembly
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had power to create laws and to approve or reject declarations of war.
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Emigre
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nobles and others who had fled france, hoped to undo revolution and return to old regime
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San- Culottes
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Parisian workers and shopkeepers.. wanted the revolution to bring greater changes to France; did not have a role in the assembly
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Jacobin
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radical political organization;
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Guillotine
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machine used to behead people
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Reign of Terror
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Time when Jacobins were in power; robespierre took over(dicatorship)
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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"men are born free and remain free and equal in rights"
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National Convention
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held executive power,
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Committee for Public Safety
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Robespierre was the leader;
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Maximilien Robespierre
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Jacobin leader; wnated to set up a public of virtue by wiping out frances' past.
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Coup d'etat
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sudden siezure of power; like napoleons
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Plebiscite
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vote of the people in which they have the right to accept or reject a proposal.
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Lycee
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government run public schools
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Concordat
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agreement with the pope; new relationhship between church and state.
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Napoleonic Code
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comprehensive system of laws; iliminated many injustices, limited liberty
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Battle of Trafalgar
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defeated by the british; gave up his plans to invade britain
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Scorched earth policy
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russians; burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock so that the enemy has nothing to eat.
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Invasion of Russia
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russia wouldnt stop trading grains with british so napoleon broke the alliance,
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blockade
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forcible closing of ports- to prevent trade and communication from and to great britian
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continental system
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what he called the blockade; make europe more independent and intended to destory great britains commerical and industrial economy
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guerilla
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spanish peasant fighters
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peninsula war
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against spain; lost 300,000 men during battle; british sent troops to aid the spanish. defeat weakend the french empire.
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waterloo
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battle against napoleon in belgium
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congress of vienna
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series of meetings called up to set up policies for long lasting peace and stability
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balance of power
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no one nation is too powerful to pose a threat on any other nation
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legitimacy
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hereditary right for a monarch to rule
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holy alliance
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agreement which pledged royalty to base their relations with other nations on christian principles.
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concert of europe
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series of alliances; ensured nations would help would help one another in the case that another revolution take place elsewhere
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klemens von metternich
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3 goals; prevent french aggression, restore balance of power, resore europes royal families to the throne they had before.
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