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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Minoans
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A powerful, seafaring people who lived on Crete at southern edge of Aegean Sea.
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Aegean Sea
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A part of the Mediterranean Sea between Greece & Anatolia.
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Knossos
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The wealthy Minoan Capital which had no fortifications suggesting peace & security from enemies.
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King Minos
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A King with a legendary Minotaur (half bull half human) who lived in a labyrynth or inescapable maze.
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Phoenicians
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Seafaring & trading people who inhabited Phoenicia (modern day Lebanon) at the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Palestine
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A region at the eastern edge of Mediterranean which was the ancient home of the Phoenicians & later Phillistines.
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Canaan
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The ancient home of the Hebrews (Jews) in the same region as Palestine; between the Jordan River & Mediterranean; promised them by God in the Bible.
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Torah
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The 1st five books of the Hebrew Bible as the most sacred writings; Christians know them as Old Testament.
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Abraham
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The "father" of the Hebrew people whose "covenant" with God/Yahweh brought protection to the Hebrew people.
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Monotheism
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Belief in one God - Yahweh.
mono means one & theism means "god-worship" |
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Covenant
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A mutual promise between God and Abraham. Abraham promised to obey God in return for God's protection of Jews.
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Moses
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The man chosen by God to lead the Hebrews out of bondage in Egypt or the "Exodus".
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Israel
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From 1020-922 B.C. the Hebrews united under three kings: Saul, David & Solomon in the homeland God promised them.
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Judah
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In 922 B.C. due to high taxes and forced labor many Jews revolted and set up a new kingdom in the south with Jerusalem as capital.
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Tribute
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Peace money paid by a weaker power (Israel) to a stronger power (Assyria)
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Siege
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The surrounding of a city by soldiers who are trying to capture it so that food, water, and other supplies cannot get in or out.
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Treaty
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An agreement, usually having to do with peace or trade.
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Conquer
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To get control by using force, as in a war
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Navigate
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To plan a course of a ship; to sail or steer outside sight of land by stars, compass or sextant.
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Colony
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A group of people who settle in a far-off land but are still under the rule of the land they came from.
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The Ten Commandments
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Comandments coming directly from God to Moses as laws for the Hebrews to live by.
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Babylon
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The capital city of the Babylonians under King Hammurabi (1792 - 1750 B.C.)
Known for the Tower of Babel & the Hanging Gardens in what is now Iraq. |
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Hittites
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Warrior peoples who came to the Eastern Mediterranean around 2000B.C.; conquered Anatolia (Turkey) & made weapons & tools of iron.
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Assyrians
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A warrior civilization that grew up on the banks of the Tigris River in the capital Ashur; hard rulers with strict laws & punishments; developed 1st seige weapons, water lifts, 1st library, forced tribute, & fine buildings & statues
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Class
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A group of people according to social rank
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Caste
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A social class in India.
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Reincarnation
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A belief that living souls are reborn in a new body
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Enlightened
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Knowing the truth.
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Ancestor
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A person from whom one is descended
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Dynasty
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A series of rulers who belong to the same family
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Isolate
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To set apart from others
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Maize
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Indian corn
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Shrine
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A place of worship believed to be sacred or holdy
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Indus River
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Lands around the Indus river became the culture hearth for a civilization that is today India & Pakistan.
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Mohengo-Daro
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A major city in the Indus River Valley with advanced technology such as apartments, covered drainage systems, brick houses, public pools & bath houses; destroyed by Aryans in 1500BC
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Hinduism
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Aryan religion = worship of many Gods, one universal spirit called Brahman included the divinities Brahma-the creator of universe, Vishnu - its preserver, & Shiva-its destroyer. All people were divided into Social Castes:
Priests/Scholars, rulers/warriors, craftworkers,merchants farmers & unskilled workers; reincarnation of souls |
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Buddism
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a gentle religion, the sacred life is found in unselfishness yielding the state of mind "Nirvana" (heaven); reincarnation - a cycle of death & rebirth,
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Maurya Empire
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321 B.C. new empire in northern India under their 3rd Emperor Asoka who made Buddism the state religion, new laws to treat all people equally, & love to all living creatures.
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Huang-He Valley Civilization
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"The Black-haired People" lived in the Yellow River Valley, Isolated by steep mtns., wide deserts, & deep seas; dug pitlike houses in ground & wove roofs of grass, kings lived in palaces of wood & mud, developed writing in 1700BC = earliest historical records, made silk cloth, & honored ancestors.
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Chinese Dynasties
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The Shang Dynasty ruled 500 yrs.; the Zhou Dynasty (1028 B.C.)were warlike with systems of irrigation & flood control; the Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.) under Shi Huangdi had strong central government,
named "China", started the Great Wall of China for protection from invaders; the Han Dynasty gained control by 206B.C. |
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Civilizations of the Americas
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Native Americans came to North America across the Beringia Land Bridge during Ice Ages & filtered down through north, central & south america as hunter-gatherers & later farmers of maize, corn, squash, beans, tomatoes & Llamas/wool & cotton by 3000B.C.
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Olmec Civilization
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built 1st city in Mexico around 1200B.c, carved giant stone heads & built shrines w/o metal tools or wheels; had counting system, simple calendar, lasted >1000yrs.
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Mayan Civilization
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Began in Southern Mexico & Central America in Rain forests; built great temples to gods of rain & earth; built planet observatories & developed the 365 day calendar
(250B.C.- A.D.800) |
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Inca Civilization
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People of the mountains of Peru in South America around A.D. 1200. Took under control all of Peru, & parts of Columbia, Bolivia, Ecuador & Chile. Ruler was called the "Inca" (decendant of the sun)ruled > 6 million & built fine roads & communication system
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Characteristics of Civilizations
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1.Advance cities 2.Specialized workers
3.Complex Institutions 4.Record Keeping & Writing 5.Advanced Technology |
