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WGU C100 Vocabulary

Wgu C100 Vocabulary

by DanielleDarling, Jan. 2017

Subjects: humanities

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The Forms	Plato's concept that there are ideal essences (the Forms) of objects or things.
Democracy	Government of direct rule by the people, a form developed by the Greeks.
Doric order	The simplest of the classical Greek architectural styles, featuring unadorned columns with no base.	https://o.quizlet.com/e1fL.PkcgQ.soMoHr0hKlw_m.png
Hubris	Greek word for excessive pride, presumption or arrogance (originally toward the gods).
Entablature	The horizontal layers of material of a building that are supported by columns or walls.
Epic	A long poem recounting in elevated style the deeds of a legendary hero; any narrative work (novel, drama, film) dealing with epic themes.
Frieze	A broad horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration, usually on a wall near the ceiling.
Philosopher King	A hypothetical ruler, or Guardian, of Plato's ideal city-state.	https://o.quizlet.com/i/fpEBRthgvtXgCDx0-36yYQ_m.jpg
Kouros	Type of statue featuring life-sized male nudes in a stance in which the left foot is placed in front of the right.	https://o.quizlet.com/i/qTQqoJit3KBzxkM5DRnXmA_m.jpg
Muses	Goddesses of inspiration for literature, art, and science.
Post and lintel	Classical Greek architectural design that features two upright posts supporting a crossbeam called a lintel.	https://o.quizlet.com/.mpSmITW3wkfgexh7L7wVw_m.png
Canon	A set of rules developed by the Greek artist Polykleitos for creating perfect proportionality in the human figure.
Lyre	A string instrument like a U-shaped harp known for its use by the classical Greeks.
Classicism	Aesthetic attitudes and principles found in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome.
Skepticism	A philosophy that maintains that there can be no certainty in human knowledge and that mankind should continually be involved with finding the truth.
Catharsis	The purging of a spectator's strong emotions through experiencing tragedy; one of Aristotle's concepts.
Pediment	The triangular upper part of the front of a building in the classical style.	https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2592/3959435927_aa428a5967_m.jpg
Golden Mean	Aristotle's term for the desirable middle between two extremes, between excess and inadequacy.
Socratic Method	Analytical method of reasoning developed by Greek philosopher Socrates that asks a progression of questions in pursuit of the truth.
Capital	The top part of a column between the shaft of the column and the entablature.
Humanism	The study of the creative and intellectual contributions of all human cultures.
Republic	Government where supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly.
Hellenic	A synonym for Greek.
Allegory of the Cave	Plato's extended metaphor in The Republic that contrasts the way in which most humans perceive reality and Plato's idea of the true form of reality.
Diction	Word-choice; can be classified as formal or informal, or denotative or connotative.
Hudson River School	An American art movement that focused on Romantic themes and on the sublimity of nature.
transcendentalism	Philosophical movement during the Romantic era that emphasized feeling over reason and the role of the individual finding an intuitive relation to the universe through solitude amid nature.
iconoclasm	The deliberate destruction of religious art, imagery, icons, and other symbols or monuments.
Renaissance	A period in Western history, from the 14th through the 16th centuries, marked by a revival of interest in the culture of Greco-Roman antiquity and a flourishing of artistic and intellectual achievement.
In Praise of Folly	A satirical essay written by Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) in which he criticizes the abuses and corruption of Catholic doctrine in parts of the Catholic Church.
commedia dell'arte	Early 16th century theater, consisting of improvisational sketches or stock scenes presented on temporary stages by troupes of actors who traveled across Europe.
Silk Road	An overland route from Constantinople to Beijing used in the trade of silks and spices between Europe and the Far East; it was eventually blocked by the Ottoman Empire and travel by sea became more popular.
viola da gamba	A stringed instrument, the bass of the viol family, with approximately the range of the cello.
symmetry	The pleasing or harmonious proportionate arrangement of corresponding parts of an artwork.
chiaroscuro	The creation of the illusion of depth through gradations of light and shade.
humanism	The study of the creative and intellectual contributions of all human cultures.
plot	How the various events of a story are arranged.
truth	The accurate and genuine reality of the world; that which is indisputably factual.
The Prince	A political treatise written by Niccolò Machiavelli (1467-1527) in which he claims that the ends justify the means and that those with political power should use whatever advantage they have to keep it and control the populace.
script	The readable text of a drama or film.
balance	The achievement of putting different areas of the body in dynamic tension with one another.
Calvinism	A sect of Protestantism established by John Calvin. Calvinism's core beliefs include an angry God, predestination, and strict ethical regulations for everyday life.
madrigal	A polyphonic vocal work, usually written for four or five voices, setting a pastoral poem to music, performed without instrumental accompaniment, and intended for secular use.
dialect	A form of language which is particular to a group of people, such as those belonging to a region or social class
Martin Luther	German theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation; argued that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds or works.
Anglicanism	A sect of English Protestantism formed when King Henry VIII separated from the Catholic Church after he could not get his marriage annulled. Anglicanism became deeply institutionalized with the English government.	https://o.quizlet.com/9WjPaFiIzpzBj6gdv3v3mw_m.jpg
allegory	A work of art which represents some abstract quality or idea, often religious or political, by means of symbolic representation.
Reformation art	Art movement of the 16th century, largely in Northern Europe, that reflected religious views of Protestant Reformation.
linear perspective	The creation of the illusion of depth based on the fact that parallel lines or edges appear to converge, and objects appear smaller as the distance between them and a viewer increases.
rationalism	A point of view that emphasizes the role of reason, over the senses, in gaining knowledge.
blank verse	Poetry written in a metered fashion, typically iambic pentameter, but which does not rhyme
heresy	A challenge to or rejection of the orthodox doctrine of a religion or church.
sight gags	Comedy that conveys humor visually, without the need for words.
epistemology	The study of thinking.
predestination	Christian theological concept that the course of one's life, including all the choices one will make, is already completely determined by an all-powerful, all-knowing God.
Renaissance Man	A term describing an individual with broad knowledge and versatile talents spanning many intellectual and artistic disciplines.
soliloquy	Speech by character in a drama expressing his or her inmost thoughts, heard by the audience but not by any other character.
aerial perspective	The creation of the illusion of distance by reducing color saturation, value contrast, and detail in order to imply the natural haziness between a viewer and distant objects.
classical humanism	The cultural movement of the Renaissance, based on Greek and Roman classic literature, that emphasized the dignity, worth, and rationality of humankind.
slapstick	Comedy that is largely physical, depicted via overly exaggerated motions and expressions.
Age of Exploration	Time period between the early fifteenth to the early seventeenth centuries when Europeans sailed around the globe and transferred goods, food, plants, and people (in the form of slaves) transforming the countries they reached.	https://o.quizlet.com/jljOXUYALCoa1QTnKML-Ww_m.jpg
Protestant Reformation	A religious movement of the 16th century to reform the Roman Catholic Church that resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.	https://o.quizlet.com/R9JJiISQV6zW0xunEsWIqw_m.jpg
self-fashioning	The process of fashioning one's individual sense of self and public persona according to a set of socially acceptable standards.
individualism	That which separates one unique person from another, as well as the social and philosophical viewpoint that celebrates that difference.
Western Schism	The period (1378-1417) during which there were two papacies in the Roman Catholic Church; one in Rome and one in Avignon.
sonnet	A form of poem that commonly contains 14 lines.	https://o.quizlet.com/nYFxfaIS7.reIfWJ1EjOkg_m.jpg
papal infallibility	Roman Catholic doctrine that the Pope cannot err when he speaks about faith or morality because of divine guidance.
Prose	Language that flows naturally as opposed to language that conforms to the beat of a rhythm such as in poetry.
nationalism	A variant of patriotism characterized by intense loyalty to a particular nation and its defining features.
maritime	Having to do with a seafaring population.	https://o.quizlet.com/cAJJ.h38fuIKlMVMOwYePA_m.jpg
Progress	The steady march of advancements made in certain intellectual areas that allow the human race to develop and grow.
Duty-Driven Ethics	Ethical system that emphasizes fidelity to principle and duty over the consequences of a moral action; developed by German philosopher Immanuel Kant.
Clarity	The quality of being easily understood or cleanly expressed.
Satire	Theatrical genre in which human or individual weaknesses or shortcomings are shown by means of ridicule, derision, irony, or other methods, often with the intent to expose or correct.
Chiaroscuro	The creation of the illusion of depth through gradations of light and shade.
Hypothetical Imperatives	Kantian term for actions conditioned on some goal or desire.
Rationalism	A point of view that emphasizes the role of reason, over the senses, in gaining knowledge.
Revolution	A fundamental, dramatic shift in organizational structure that occurs over a short period of time.	https://o.quizlet.com/s.PuDPQrASDYRI8lx4YYiA_m.jpg
Philosophes	A term used to refer to French Enlightenment philosophers.
Fortepiano	An early form of the piano originating in the 18th and early 19th centuries and having a smaller range and softer timbre than a modern piano.
Individualism	Individualism is that which separates one unique person from another, as well as the social and philosophical viewpoint that celebrates that difference.
Neoclassicism	Art movement of 18th century that drew on Greek and Roman art for models of harmony, idealized realism, and reason.
Order	Natural laws that Enlightenment thinkers believed should guide the structure of civilized life.
Doctrine	The body of beliefs, principles, and values in a knowledge or belief system such as religion.
Skepticism	Greek philosophical school that maintained human knowledge was limited and uncertain, and probability of correct morality was enough for acting in a moral fashion.
Enlightenment	The period in Western history spanning the 17th and 18th centuries, during which a notable shift toward rational thinking and advancement occurred in science, philosophy, society, and politics.
Monophonic	Music that contains only a single part.
Deism	The belief that God created the natural laws that govern nature but does not directly intervene or interfere in any way.
Opera	A fully-produced, multi-sectional work for the theater whose text (or libretto) is primarily sung by soloists and a chorus, and which is accompanied by instruments, usually a large orchestra.
Divine Right of Kings	The belief that a monarch derives the right to rule directly from the will of God and is not subject to earthly authority.
Logic	Thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about ideas or problems.
Monads	Leibnitz's notion of fundamental substance in the cosmos that cannot be divided into parts and which functions in predetermined ways and represents pre-established, universal harmony, the source of which, ultimately, is God.
Categorical Imperative	Kantian term for an absolute and universal moral demand or obligation founded on reasoning.
Counterpoint	The simplest form of harmony features at least two melodic lines (referred to as voices or parts) of equal value played against one another.
passion	The evocation of strong, irrational emotion within an artistic or literary work.
mysticism	The practice and belief in spirituality and forming a connection to spiritual life through personal experience.
Hudson River School	An American art movement that focused on Romantic themes and on the sublimity of nature.
Transcendentalist movement	Philosophical movement during the Romantic era that emphasized feeling over reason and the role of the individual finding an intuitive relation to the universe through solitude amid nature.
colonialism	The political, economic, and cultural domination by one country over another country or region.
sublime	A quality of greatness or vastness that is beyond calculation, comparison, or imitation; often invoked with reference to nature.
Romantic/Byronic hero	A stereotypical character of a Romantic novel; an exceptional and gifted loner, perhaps misunderstood, who was driven to follow personal passion rather than traditional societal expectations.
idealism	Theory that reality is a mental construction or that the object of external perception consists of ideas.
polytheism	The belief in multiple gods; religion based on more than one god.
naturalism	A movement of the late 19th and early 20th century in literature and the visual arts inspired by the Darwinian view of nature and scientific means and approaches; also, representational art which retains some of the natural appearance of the objects depicted.
exoticism	An artistic trend that took place in Europe in the 19th century, which borrowed and glorified cultural aspects from non-Western civilizations.
Gothic Revival	Romantic-era architectural movement that employed Gothic forms.
occult	Matters involving the action or influence of supernatural or supernormal powers, or some secret knowledge of them.
Gothic literature	A literary style popular during the Romantic era that emphasized the flawed nature of man and his potential for destruction rather than progress, often through monstrous heroes and/or sympathetic villains.
slave narratives	Published accounts of American slaves who related the hardships and injustices of slavery.
Idealism	Theory that reality is a mental construction or that the object of external perception consists of ideas.
Industrial Revolution	The 19th century transition in many countries from an agrarian economy to one dominated by machine manufacturing.
Utilitarianism	The ethical approach that emphasizes pragmatic ethical decisions for the greater good.
Impressionism	Art movement of the late 19th century that emphasized simplified composition and the effect of light and color to capture a painter's visual impression.
Atonality	Describes music that is written in a way that avoids centering around a specific key.
Exoticism	An artistic trend that took place in Europe in the 19th century, which borrowed and glorified cultural aspects from non-Western civilizations.
Imperialism	The policy of extending the rule of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.
Motifs	In music, a brief but recognizable recurring fragment of a melody.
Colonialism	The political, economic, and cultural domination by one country over another country or region.
Symbolism	The use of a symbol, object, or image to represent something else (that is, a concept or idea).
Art Nouveau	Art movement of the late 19th century	early 20th century that favored sinuous lines, curves, and organic motifs, such as plants and flowers.
Nationalism	A variant of patriotism characterized by intense loyalty to a particular nation and its defining values and features.
Social Darwinism	The theory that individuals, groups, and communities are subject to the same principle of natural selection as plants and animals.
Natural Selection	The gradual process by which certain biological traits fade away or grow through the reproductive success or failure of the individuals that have that trait; a term coined by Charles Darwin to illustrate that certain traits are better suited for certain environments than others.
Materialism	Philosophical position that all processes, phenomena, and objects/beings can be explained as manifestations or results of matter.
Darwinism	The theory of evolution by natural selection developed by biologist Charles Darwin.
Industrialism	The emphasis on an industrialized economic system.
Urbanization	The movement of diverse populations into urban areas.
Scientific Materialism	The belief that physical reality, as seen through the natural sciences, is all that truly exists.
Post-Impressionism	Art movement of the late 19th century that while influenced by Impressionism emphasized a greater concern for expression, structure, form, and emotional response.
Utopian	Describes an ideal community or society; often used to describe a society that does not exist in reality.
Empiricism	Philosophical doctrine that says all knowledge is derived from our senses.