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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two subclasses of monotremes?
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Protheria and theria
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What families belong to the Protheria subclass?
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Tachyglossidae and Ornithorhynchidae
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What is the class,subclass, order for monotremes?
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Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Protheria Order: Monotremata |
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Give some examples of monotremes.
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Duck-billed platypus, echidna
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What are the two infraclasses of monotremes? What is the difference?
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Metatheria (marsupilia)
Eutheria (Placentalia) |
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What is the class, subclass, order and family for Echidnas? What are these animals?
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Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Protheria Order: Monotremata Family: Tachyglossidae- spiny anteaters (Australian, or New Guinea) |
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What is the class, subclass, order and family for the duck-billed platypus? Where can it be found?
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Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Protheria Order: Monotremata Family: Ornithorhynchidae Eastern Australia or Tasmania |
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Describe the family Ornithorhynichidae.
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Ankles of many males have medially directed spurs that are connected to poison glands
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Why don’t monotremes resemble any other mammals?
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Possess several confusing characters that lay eggs, yet have hair & produce milk and suckle young, have a unique rostrum, dentition is greatly reduced, are oviparous, mammae lack nipples
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What is unique about the Protheria subclasses rostrum?
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Bill of platypus and beak of echidna is covered in leathery sheath and covered w/ electroreceptors that can detect weak electrical fields of small invertebrate prey
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Describe the dentition of the family Tachyglossidae and Ornithorhynichidae
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Echidnas- completely lack teeth
Duck-billed platypus- has vestigial teeth only as juveniles |
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Describe reproduction in the order monotremata.
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Lay 1 or 2 eggs- oviparous and incubate for about 12 days, mammae lack nipples, relatively long periods of lactation and caring for young (16-20 weeks)
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What are the differences in reproduction between the families Trachyglossidae and Ornithorhynchidae?
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only left ovary functional in platypus and both functional in echidnas- female echidna develops temp. pouch for incubation and platypus does not (builds a leaf nest in burrow)-young suck milk from pouch in echidna, tufts of abdominal fur of platypus
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Why are mammals that are in the infraclass metatheria there? What subclass are they in?
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they have a marsupium which is a pouch where young are carried; in subclass Theria
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Where does bone growth continue in mammals?
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at cartilaginous zone (where joints begin (articular surfaces), epiphyseal cartilage
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How do bones ossify?
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fuse the epiphysis and diaphysis
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Where are two stronghold places where the Infraclass Metatheria remains?
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Australian region and Neotropics
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Where are the Neotropics?
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Mexico, Central and South America
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Describe the marsupium.
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pouch for young w/ 2-27 nipples, gestation typically short (8-43 days), young tiny and undeveloped at birth, complete development in marsupium and remain attached to mipple
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Describe the reproductive tract of females in the Metatheria Infraclass.
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tract is byfid, uterus and vagina are double, one vulva
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What is the class, subclass, infraclass, order and family of the oppossums?
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class: Mammalia
Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Metatheria Order: Didelphimorphia Family: Didelphidae |
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Describe the family Didelphidae.
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pouch present in some, absent in others and folds of skin covering in nipples in some, long, prehensile tail, opposable, clawless halux
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What is the one species in NA that belongs to the Didelphidae family? describe it.
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Virginia oppossum
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What class, subclass, infraclass and order do sloths and anteaters belong to?
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Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Theria Infraclas: Eutheria Order: Pilosa |
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What order(s) belongs to the Protheria subclass?
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Monotremata
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What orders belong to the infraclass metatheria?
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Didelphimorphia
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What orders were once known as Xenartha?
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Pilosa and Cingulata
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What is the subclass, infraclass, order of armadillos? where are they found?
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subclass: theria
infraclass: eutheria order: Cingulata found only in New World and one family with only one species in NA |
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What family does the nine-banded armadillo? describe this family's anatomy
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Dasypodidae;boney plates cover head, body and tail, 9 narrow jointed bands, incisors and canines absent, cheek teeth w/ simple pegs, lack enamel, single open root, five-toed hind foot, middle 3 much longer, fore-foot has four toes w/ middle two much longer and w/ large claws
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What animals belong to the Order Xenartha or Cingulata and Pilosa?
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armadillos, three-toed sloths, two-toed sloths, true anteaters, silky anteater
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Describe the reproduction and breeding of the family Dasypodidae.
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mates in summer, single eggs divides into 4 quadruplets, born in March, one litter per yr.
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Describe the habitat of the family Dasypodidae.
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uses burrows, burrow up to 3 ft in depth, more than one entrance and exit to burrow, found under logs, along dirt banks, habitat determined by quality of soil, found in bottomlands and maritime habitats, soft sandy soil and downed rooting logs
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Describe the distribution and feeding for the family Dasypodidae.
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throughout much of SE, roots along ground in search of insects, other inverts, many carry form of Hansen's
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What order is the order Insectivora recognized as?
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Soricomorphia
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What is the class, subclass, infraclass, order and family for shrews?
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Mammalia
Theria Eutheria Soricomorpha Soricidae |
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What order do moles and shrews belong to?
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Soricomorpha
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What are some characteristic morphology of the order Soricomorpha?
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eyes and optic foramina small, teeth specialized for insect eating- sharp curps, incisors enlarged and specialized, canines reduced
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Describe the family Soricidae.
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smallest and least conspicuous of mammals, snouth long and slim, eyes small, pinnae usually not visible, dentition 26-32 teeth, nocturnal, typically associated w/ moist habitats
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What is the dentition formula for the family?
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3 1 3 3
1 1 1 3 |
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What are the only family that are venomous other than the platypus.
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Soricidae- shrews and solenodons; short-tailed shrew3s
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Describe the feeding of the family Soricidae.
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venomous bites, bites from behind and direct bites at base of skull where neurotoxin can be introduced into CNS, first lower incisors serves as channel for venom, produced at gland of teeth; forage both day and night; consume almost twice their body weight, some have primitive form of echolocation which increases ability to locate prey
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What is the class, subclass, infraclass, order and family of moles?
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Class: mammals
Subclass: Theria Infraclass: Eutheria Order: Soricomorpha Family: talpidae |
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Describe the family Talpidae.
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head and forehead modified for fossorial life, eyes lie beneath skin (small), snouth long and slender, ear lack pinnae, openings well concealed but hear well
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Describe the anatomy of the family Talpidae.
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forelimbs rotated, long claws, large pectoral muscles; fur can bend and lie flat in either direction, active both day and night, eat earthworms
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Describe the distributiona nd habitat of the family Talpidae.
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moist friable soils, forested meadow, or streamside habitats, in NA southeast
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What is the class, subclass, infraclass and order for bats?
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mammalia
Theria Eutheria Chiroptera |
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Describe the order for bats.
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extraordinarily complex social behavior and wide array of vocalizations, impt. insect predators and pollinators, insectivorous, feed on nectars some, pollens fruit or blood, very successful, nearly cosmopolitan
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What is the second largest order of mammals?
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Chiroptera
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Where is the greatest densities for the order Chiroptera?
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tropical and subtropical environments
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What variety of habitats are included in the order of Chiroptera?
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boreal forests, temperate forests, tropical forests, grasslands, chapparral, deserts
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What are the two types of social groups in the order Chiroptera? describe
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Solitary species-foliage roosters
colonial species- cavity rooster (caves, old buildings, hollow trees, under the bark of dead trees |
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What is special about the endothermy of bats?
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heterothermy- many northern bats hibernate in winter
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What is a hibernaculum?
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a roost used by bats for hibernating
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Describe the morphology of NA bats.
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eyes are very small, pinnae are complex and large, tragus enhances directionality, mate in fall, sperm is stored in female over winter and fertilization doesn't occur until spring, gestation about 40 days, litter is 1 (3-4) young born simultaneously, susceptible to rabies
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What is the order and family of the northern myotis, eastern red bat and the hoary bat?
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chiroptera
Vespertillionidae |
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What is the largest genus of bats in NA?
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Northern Myotis
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What family are most NA bats in?
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Vesepertillionidae
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Describe the Vespertilionidae family.
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inhabits woods, and wooded streams, hibernates 4-7 individuals in caves or mines, roosts in buildings, bark, shutters or shingles
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What is the largest bat in the east?
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Hoary bat-Vesepertilionidae
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What is the smallest bat in the east?
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eastern pipistrelle
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What is the class, subclass, infraclass and order of meat eaters?
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mammalia
theria eutheria carnivora |
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What are the flight memebranes called?
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plagiopatagium
chiropatagium uropatagium Propatagium |
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What species has a unique characteristic in the Mephitidae family and what is the characteristic?
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Eastern Spotted skunk, handstand defensive behavior; gregarious (fond of others), omnivores, teeth refelct diet (grinding), evergrowing canines
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