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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Cities
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-larger; not everyone knows everyone
-organized and diverse -social distinctions/classes among citizens |
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By Size:
City, town, village |
urbs oppidum vicus
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Ancient Greek cities had what type of planning?
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orthogonal
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what was the 1st truly planned city?
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Sicily
(megara hyblaea) |
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major street
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plateia
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minor street
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stenopos
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what was the first city with grid planning?
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Posiedonia in Italy
it's structure promoted quality of citizens; one man one lot |
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Etruscan north/south roads?
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cardo
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Etruscan east/west roads?
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decumarius
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Was Rome considered a planned city?
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no, but colonies of Rome were
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What happened to Rome in 390 BC? Did this effect their city planning?
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the Gauls sacked Rome; they could have rebuilt the imperfections in city structure but didn't
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What is the sacred ditch around the city?
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Pomerium
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Who was Vetruvius?
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-worked for Caesar then Augustus
-wrote Architectural Treatise which is how we know a lot about Rome and building planning |
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What 2 kinds of buildings did a Roman city havee?
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public and private
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What were the 3 purposes of public buildings?
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-defense
-religion -security of public |
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According to Vetruvius' book what are the 3 steps to building a city?
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1- walls of outer limit
2- lay out streets 3- raise buildings |
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What is centuriation?
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dividing up into units
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What is the piece of surveying equipment used in mapping?
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groma
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Whagt type of house held single extended families that were wealthy?
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Domus
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What type of house was centered around a big open room with no roof?
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Atrium House
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What is the tablinum?
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'atrium room', where patrons received clients
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What is the Compulvium?
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hole in the roof (atrium) that rain fell through
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What is the Impulvium?
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a pool in the atrium that collected water from the Compulvium
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What kinds of rooms surrounded the atrium?
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cubiculi and imagos rooms
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According to Vetruvius, Atrium Houses were inspired by the...
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Etruscans
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What is a peristyle?
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a type of garden that is elaborate and fancy and inspired by public architecture
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a Triniculum was thought to be a
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dining room
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Ostia was
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a Roman Port Town, and a prime example of architecture, city planning and housing
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What were insulae?
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multi-story, multi-family apartment buildings with a central courtyard and lined with shops
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What sort of decor involved lime plaster and pigment?
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Frescos
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cut stone put into the floor
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opus sectile
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Catalhoyuk planning
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organized only on a household level
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Mesopotamia planning
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had planned, individual units but no city pre-planning
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Egyptian planning
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no planning, no grid, no capitol; spent more time planning structures for afterlife. Only exception was workers village at Akhetaten
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What was the big fancy atrium house in Pompeii?
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House of Fawn
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What is considered our best example of an insulae?
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the insulae built on top of the atrium style House of Diana in Ostia
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What style of house still had an atrium but had separate entrances and exits and could be divided up and leased out?
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Samnite House
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Name 7 hills of Rome
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Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, Aventine
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What were the staples of the Roman diet?
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olive oil, wine and grain
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How did they get bread?
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did not bake it themselves at home but bought it in bakeries
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What was the main sweetener for Roman cooking?
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Honey
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What is Garum?
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salty fish sauce
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What cooking methods were most food prepared by?
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boiled or roasted
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midday meal, the largest
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cena
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breakfast
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lentaculum
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mulsum
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honey
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what light meal was eaten right at noon?
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prandium
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what light meal was taken at night?
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vesperinum
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What ancient town was a port of Rome and left archeologists a great deal of info on housing?
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Ostia
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Latin for pound
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libra
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Who protected the emperor and dealt with any threats to him?
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Praetorian guard
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What part of the city was known as the "red light district"? Caesar was born here...
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Sabora
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table
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mensa
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lectus triclinarius
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the 3 dining couches
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what were the 3 couches called from left to right and by status?
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imus, medius, summus
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where did the freedmen sit if invited to dine?
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locus libertini; the freedman's place which was imus in imo, lowest spot on lowest couch
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what was the most advantageous seat at the dining couches?
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'imus in medio', the middle seat on the lowest couch
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what was the gustus?
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first course of a meal
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Main course of a meal
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cena
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second table that held fruit and pastries?
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Secunda Mensa
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Who was Apicius?
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wrote a Roman cookbook
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How was Romance viewed during the Republic?
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strict rules against it, not PDA allowed
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What was used as contraception?
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potions and charms and animal skins
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What was rain water used for?
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washing, not drinking
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People dined and ate on the same...?
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lectus or couch
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floor lamp
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candelabra
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a bowl on legs for fire
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foculus
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offerings at graves; wax masks
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imagos
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What was the festival for ghosts expelled from the house?
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Lamuria
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What was the belief that divinity inhabits all objects and creatures?
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Numina
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What were the two kinds of household Gods?
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penates and lares
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what are penates gods of?
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store room; protecting property,
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what are Lares gods of?
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less specific, protect land and crossroads
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what is the household shrine called?
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lararium
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Who are Genius and Juno?
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the alter egos of the paterfamilias and his wife
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Who was Vesta?
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Also known as Hestia, goddess of the hearth. worshiped at the home hearth, had mola salsa (salt cake) and patella (sacrifice) on a table as offerings
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Where was Rome located?
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on 7 hills near the Tiber River
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Who lived on the Palatine hill?
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both Romulus and Augustus
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What is the temple of Jupiter on the Capitoline Hill?
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Optimus Maximus
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What is the building of records?
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Tabularium
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The field of Mars outside of city boundaries where the military practices?
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Campus Martius
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What is the Forum Boarium?
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docks for riverboats on the Tiber
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sedan-chair
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sella
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litter
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lectica
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What was the rule about day traffic?
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no wheeled traffic except for vestal virgins
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What is the Sacred Way, a large street that runs through the Forum to the Temple of Jupiter
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Via Sacra
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Who had the first "Aqueducts"?
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the Assyrians
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What were the Assyrian aqueducts called?
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quanats `
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evoking the Gods away from enemies
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Evocatio
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who was the 'Great Mother', Cybele, a goddess adopted from the east?
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Magna Mater
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Adopted Goddess from Egypt`
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Isis
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Where did emperor worship originate?
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Greece and Egypt
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Who was the god of medicine, whose symbol was a snake?
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Aesculapius
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Where was worshiping performed?
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outdoors at an alter; the inside of a temple was the house of the god
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the sacrifice of a bull, a sheep and a pig done at the census
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Sou Vitaurilla
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the shape of a main hall in Bronze Age Greece that inspired later temples
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Megaron
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central room of a temple that housed statues and votives
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cella
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the Greek style of temples with columns on all sides
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peripteral
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Roman style of temples with columns across the front`
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prostyle
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what was the fanciest column with all the ornate carvings
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Corinthian
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Which columns had the curls at the top?
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Ionic
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Doric Columns were
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fluted; had vertical lines
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Tuscan columns were
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completes round/cyllindrical
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who were allowed to be priests
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pater familias or magistrates
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who was the head of the top college of priests the Pontifices
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pontifex maximus
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what college of priests used lituus to read signs or omens
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Augers
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how long was a hora
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half of the daylight
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who had the earliest sundial
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Egypt
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who preferred measuring shadows to mark time
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Greeks
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where was the sundial of Augustus placed?
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at the Campus Martius
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what was the red marble pillar of Augustus' sundial called?
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Gnomon
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what was the common type of water clock
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clepsydrae
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what were the 3 most important parts of the month
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kalens, nones, ides
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what was the first of the month and the new moon
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Kalens
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what was the 5th/7th day of the month
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Nones
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what was the 13th/15th day of the month and the full moon
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Ides
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what were calendar days for legal business
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Festi= F
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what were calendar days with no legal business
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Nefasti=N
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what calendar days were comitia/senate days
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Commitales=C
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what calendar days were public holiday/vacation days
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Nefasti Publicis= NP
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what was the fertility festival involving goatskin?
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Lupercalia
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what was the longest stretch of a man's life (an age)
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saeculum
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what was the Roman measure of weight
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drachma
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what was a Roman pound? acre? ounce?
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libra, iugernum, unicia
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what were the Roman measures of volume?
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modius for dry solids, ampohora for wet liquids
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who invented the inverted siphon
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Archimedes
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Most of the Roman aqueducts were above or below ground?
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below; only 10% were the fancy arched above ground ones
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who was man who was payed to bring water to the house? (also has the stereotype of modern wife and mailman)
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Aquarius
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what were the water storage towers
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castellum Aqaue
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what was the waste and drainage system of the Roman Forum
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Cloaca Maxima
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what was a Roman fast food restaurant
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popina
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what was the place where clothing was clean with urine?
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Fullonica
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what were Aristotle's 4 Humors?
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hot, dry, cold, damp
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who was the famous 2nd century doctor who worked as a gladiator and then as a doc for the emperor?
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Galen
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famous quote "do ut tes", motto of Roman religion
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I give so that you give
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who was teh 2nd King of Rome? (he organized religion)
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Numa Pompulius
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What did Pompilius do to organize religion
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gods got names and became more personal, created religious calendar, created college of priests
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Which gods were in the Capitoline Triad
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Minerva, Juno, Jupiter
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what was a lituus
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a small crooked stick used by priests who interpret signs
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Haruspices
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told the future through organs
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how long were vestal virgins' terms and how many were there at once/
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30 years, 6 at a time
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