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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pater Familias
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patriarch; has full legal rights over everyone and everything
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Patria Potestas
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absolute power of pater familias
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Mater Familias
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wife of pater familias; head women of the house
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Matrona
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a married woman; her main purpose is to bear children
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Iudicum Domesticum
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Roman version of a family meeting
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Menarch
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age when girls can bear children
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Bulla
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pouch on a chord worn by boys
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Sponsilla
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betrothal or engagement
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Conferreatio
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strictest type of marriage; woman becomes the man's property
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Manus/ Manum Viri
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the term of a woman becoming a man's property
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Coemptio
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type of marriage where a woman is purchased by a placing a coin on a scale
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Usus
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most lax form of marriage; wife avoids becoming the husband's property by spending 3 nights a year away from home
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Tunica Regalia
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wedding dress that the bride sleeps in the night before and wears at her wedding
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Flammeum
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yellowish colored wedding veil
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Dextrarum
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the ceremonial joining of hands (used in usus wedding)
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Pronuba
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bride's matron of honor
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Camillus
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un-orphaned boy that carries around the bride's sacrifice
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Cena Captialis
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the wedding feast
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Lar Compitats
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3 coins carried by the bride
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Produba
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miniature honeymoon bed the couple puts out for the gods to use
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Structure of Roman Society
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1 Imperial Domus
2 Senators 3 Equestrians 4 Commons 5 Freed People 6 Slaves |
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Roman Citizens
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only adult males; women and children are not counted. citizens had military duties. citizens could marry, hold office, and vote; they could not by punished without trial
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Civis Romanis
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right of Roman citizens to a trial
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In 4 BC there were ____ Jews in Rome
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8000; freed Jews then bought other Jews
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How was status decided?
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by family background (NOT WEALTH)
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Funeral processions often included wax masks of ancestors. What are they called?
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Imagos (images)
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What is the oldest known written code of laws
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the Code of Hammurabi
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What is one of the outward signs of a consuls imperium?
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Body guards/lictors, fasces, cural chair
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What would young boys and girls wear to ward off bad heath ?
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Bulla
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Who wore a pilleus?
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freed slaves (little cap)
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During the last phase of roman history what sort of people ruled Rome?
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Emperors
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What roman value entails respect towards state, family and gods?
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Pietas
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What is a salutatio?
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When clients gather at patron's house
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Who am i- I have made my family proud of me, equestrian but a consul, cousin will take on my business, I am 1st person in family to serve my state??
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Novus Homo
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What is a flammelum?
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a yellow-orange veil worn by brides
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How was status decided in Rome?
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By family background
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Who were the plebeians?
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the common people of Rome, vast in number but also not slaves
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Who were the patricians?
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higher class than plebs, but began as a small group of land owning families. eventually faded out
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Who were Nobiles?
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politicians or businessmen
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Who wore gold rings and purple stripes on their toga and had families engaged in business?
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Equestrians
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Who were the commoners, the unwashed masses?
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Vulgus
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A plain woolen shirt, causal wear
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Tunica
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A formal garment for men
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Toga
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Toga Praetexta
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toga with a wide purple sheet; worn by children and elected officials. it symbolizes protection
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Toga Virilis
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a man's toga with a thin purple stripe
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Toga Candida
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a super white toga worn by candidates for office
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Toga Picta
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covered in all purple, worn by prestigious military people
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Women wore this, it was pinned at the shoulders and open at the sides
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stolla
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Outer garment worn by women
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palla
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the only women who wore togas were...
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prostitutes
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the Tria Nomina consisted of...
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Praenomen, Nomen, and Cognomen
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How are adopted sons named?
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they take on their full name of the father, ending with his old nomen with -ius
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Women usually had a feminine version of their father's
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nomen
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Cliens
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clients
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Sportula
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a package that patrons hand out to clients at the salutatio; sometimes food, money, or legal support
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Patron
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a person who takes on a client and gives them assistance in return for tasks or favors
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Egenus
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people who were too poor, didn't qualify to become a client
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Who was the Pater Familias
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legal owner of everything in a family, guardian of religious rituals, he was the only male with full legal rights over everyone
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Patria Potestas
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power of the father; his power as pater familias
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Res Publica
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when the Romans no longer liked the monarchy
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the Magistracy was Collegial, meaning...
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more than one person holds the office at a time
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Characteristics of the Magistracy
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-are elected
-1 year terms -made up of different offices -age requirement for different offices |
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Consuls
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the top of the Magistracy; 2 at a time for 1 year terms. Even counted years by who were consuls 'in consulship of x and y'. each had veto power over the other
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Age requirement for consul
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42 yrs
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Lictors, Fasces, and Curule Charis were symbols of...
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the Consuls
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What were the 2 main powers of the consul?
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Imperium- power over the people
Auspicium- power to consult the gods |
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The offices of the Magistracy below the Consul are part of the
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Cursus Honorem
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Offices that make up the Cursus Honorum
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Quaestor, Aedile, Praetor
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lowest wrung of the magistracy that looked over finances and records; age as many as 20 at one time
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Quaestor
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Office in Cursus Honorum; age requirements 36yrs, 4 elected each year, in charge of urban affairs and games
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Aedile
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Office just below a consul; ran the judicial system
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Praetor
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Tribune
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elected to represent the plebs, could propose legislation, receive immunity, and veto laws that they didn't like
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Censor
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takes the census every 5 years; they controlled power by keeping track of people's wealth. Had to have been a consul first
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Dictator
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office held no longer than 6 months, was appointed in times of crisis
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Senate
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must have been elected to the magistracy, not an elected body, no legislative power but were a body of advisors
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Assemblies
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were summoned, met only when asked and voted only on the subject they asked about, voted orally
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the 3 voting bodies were...
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Comitia Centuria, Comitia Tributa, and Concilium Plebis
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Voting body made up of Consul, Praetors and Censors. Asked about treason, legislation. Were divided into centuries by wealth, centuries 1 vote per 193
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Comitia centuriata
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Voting body made of plebs
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Concilium Plebis
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Voting body made of 35 tribes by geography, are allowed to pass legislation. Only members who had the means could pick up and go to Rome when asked to vote
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Comitia Tributa
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Mos Maiorum
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the custom of the ancestors
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Patria
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means country
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Dignitas
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personal worthiness based on Roman values
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Auctoritas
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how much dignitas you have gives you Auctoritas; it is a characteristic you have that makes others do things for you
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Virtus
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manly courage;
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451 BC: decimviri wrote them, first written code of law that burned up
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12 tables
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Populares
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they go to people to try to get things done, tried to get people to vote how they wanted
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Optimates
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traditional old men, usually didn't like to involve the mob, thought they knew best
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Who were the members of the first Triumvirate?
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Pompey, Caesar, Crassus
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Who was Octavius
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Caesar's adopted son, became Emperor when Caesar was assassinated
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the heart of Roman politics, games, economics, religion, and markets
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the Forum
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Foris
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means outside
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the Regia was
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a very important building that burnt down a lot, became the home of the chief pope of Rome
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Temples in Rome were called
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Vesta
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shops were placed near this place in the forum, used as a beautiful mulch-purpose building
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Basilica
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The Curia was the
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Senate House
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Rostra were
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places where public speakers stood
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a Carcer
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a jail, people rarely made it out you went there and you died
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Lapis Niger
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the black stone; people didn't really know what it was for but it was very revered by the Roman People
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Nobiles
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worked tirelessly for no pay in government, army army or religion
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Equestrians
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had enough bank$$ to compete with the upper class
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Libertini
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the freed people of Rome who tried to earn money and make a better life for themselves
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Poor
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had to work to survive
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Slaves
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property without rights who were forced to work
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Aristocrats earned a living by
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not labor, but being moral
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Ponitfex Maximus
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the highest office of aristocrat, the chief priest (still earned no salary)
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What were the two divisions of the working class?
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Skilled and Unskilled workers
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Collegia
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guilds in the working class, sort of like unions
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Traza
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a bank
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Flaminius
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the first Roman portrait on a coin
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Diocletian wrote it in 301 AD to stabilize the economy
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Edict of Prices
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Vilicus
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the slave that was the overseer of the other slaves
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the building where the slaves were locked up at night
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Ergastulum
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Peculium
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a small savings that could be earned by slaves to eventually buy their freedom; an incentive for good behavior
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Manumission
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legal process of freeing a slave
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What was Saturnalia
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a holiday that honored Saturn that was held in December; as part of the festivities the slaves and citizens reversed positions (partially)
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Libertina or Lebertinus
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legally freed man or women; had legal status
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Libertinus
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when a slave is freed he becomes the client of his master; had social status
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Obsequium
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the obligation that said a freed slave still had to respect his old master and obey him without question
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Operae
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slaves owed this to their old master, they were donated days of labor each year
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Pudicitia
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a stance or position of a woman that symbolizes chastity
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What are the 3 parameters of construction?
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structural requirements, materials, and techniques
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What is unchangeable and changeable about construction?
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unchangeable: laws of physics, properties of material
changeable: designs and technology |
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What is the sedimentary rock that is very soft?
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Tufa
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What is the very hard stone used for foundations and roofs?
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Basalt
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What is another name for Limestone?
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Tavertine
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What is the soft erosive rock that is easy to cut but impermenant?
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Peperino
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What are the 2 parts of a wall?
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Face: outside
Core: inside |
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What was the cut blocks method of a wall?
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Ashlar Masonry
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What was the wall method of stacking regularly shaped rocks that fit well together?
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Cyclopean Masonry
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What was the easier method of wall making and what did it involve?
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Mortar and Rubble: used fired bricks and lime, sand, clay and water mortar
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Roman concrete
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Opus Caemnticum
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What special ingredient in Roman mortar or concrete made the bond super strong and water proof?
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volcanic sand
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What is the wall pattern of uncut stacked stones held with mortar?
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opus incertum
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What is the wall pattern that uses pyramid bricks to make a diamond shape pattern?
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opus reticulatum
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What is the wall pattern that simply uses arranged bricks?
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opus testaceum
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How was wood durable?
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withstands tension
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How was stone durable?
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withstood compression
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What form of rectangular arch was used that did not withstand tension well?
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post and linel
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What doorway method used stone and compression?
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the arch
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What was the wall pattern of a row of arch after arch?
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a barrel pattern
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Which revolution in Architecture came after mortar?
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the Dome
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the hold in the top of a dome also called the eye
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Occulus
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what is the tending of arches to push outward
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lateral thrust
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What was Nero's palace built in 64 AD?
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Domus Aurea
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what sort of tricks gave domes stability?
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hollow bricks, relief arches, occulus, and carved patterns to lighten the core
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who in invented the inverted siphon?
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Archimedes
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what percentage of aqueducts were above ground?
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only 10%
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who was the man that delivered water to the insulae and other houses?
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Aquarius
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what were the water storage towers called?
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castellum aquae
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what was the Cloaca Maxima?
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the giant sewage and drain system for the Forum
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What was the laundry service?
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Fullonica or Fullery
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What were the 4 'humors' that Aristotle believed were important to health and medicine?
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hot, cold, dry, damp
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who was the famous doctor that was first a gladiator?
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Galen
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Why did docs practice dissecting on animals?
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it was illegal to dissect a person or human
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who was the 2nd king of Rome that organized religion?
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Numa Pompilius
-made college of priests -created religious calendar -gods got names and became more personal |
