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245 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What lab test is used to make sure the patient has an appendicitis and not an ectopic pregnancy?
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BHCG.
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Would an appendicitis be considered an emergency room visit?
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Yes
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What is the definition of Malabsorption?
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Impaired digestion and/or absorption of nutrients from the small bowel.
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What functional gut problems are associated with Malabsorption?
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Dysbiosis, leaky gut.
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General signs and symptoms are malabsorption?
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Failure to thrive, specific food avoidance, chronic diarrhea, muscle wasting, weakness, fatigue.
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Name 2 oral problems associated with malabsorption?
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Glossitis, canker sores.
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Malabsorption causes nutrient deficiency, what does B12 and Vitamin K cause?
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Hand/Glove stocking, bruising.
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D-xylose test is positive or negative for malabsorption?
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Positive.
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What are the treatments for malabsorption?
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Deal with disease and /or pathogen causing the malabsorption and place patient on parenteral nutrition.
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What is the definition of Lactose Intolerance?
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Congenital or acquired deficiency of lactase enzyme, creating an inability to digest lactose, a milk sugar.
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Signs and symptoms of Lactose Intolerance?
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Gas, bloating, osmotic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, borborygmus
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What is the lactose tolerance test and hydrogen breath test?
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Fasting, drink lactose and measure serum glucose Give 10 gm of lactose in solution, if there is a lactose intolerance, hydrogen is excreted in the breath
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What is the major associated syndrome with lactose intolerance?
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IBS
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What enzyme should be avoided with lactose intolerance?
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Lactose
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What is Celiac’s disease?
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Inability to digest Gluten.
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What is the protein found in gluten?
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Gliadin Protein
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Celiac’s Disease affects which part of the intestine?
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Small Intestine, especially the jejunum.
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What are the signs and symptoms of Celiac’s Disease?
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Unsymptomatic, short stature, infertility, recurrent canker sores.
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What are the gut symptoms or Celiac’s Disease?
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Diarrhea steatorrhea, bloating.
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What diagnosis test is run for Celiac’s Disease?
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Intestinal biopsy.
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What two food items should be avoided with Celiac’s Disease?
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Milk and Gluten.
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What syndrome is associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1)?
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Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
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What syndrome is also known as hyperchlorhydria?
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Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
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What cancer is associated with smoking, alcoholism, dried salty foods, and very spicy foods?
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Gastric cancer
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Which liver detoxification pathway is most common?
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CYP450
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What organ stores iron, Vitamin A, and B12?
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Liver
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What liver function test indicates there is tissue damage somewhere in the body?
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AST
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What liver function test indicates there is tissue damage specifically in the liver?
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ALT
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What is defined as a yellowing of the skin and conjunctiva?
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Jaundice
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What type of jaundice is due to increased production of bilirubin from excessive breakdown of RBC's?
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Hemolytic jaundice
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What type of jaundice is due to impaired transport of conjugated bilirubin into the intestines?
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Obstructive jaundice
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What inherited autosomal recessive disorder is characterised by a mild jaundice throughout the patient's life?
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Dubin-Johnson's Syndrome
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What chronic liver disease involves scarring and dysfunction and is usually caused by alcohol abuse and Hep C/B?
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Hepatic Cirrhosis
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ZES presents with many__________ ____________occurring in non-typical locations.
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Peptic ulcerations
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What is the most common symptom of ZES?
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Ab pain in URQ
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T/F: GI bleeding can be the first presenting symptom of ZES in 25% of patients.
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True
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T/F: ZES is easy to distinguish from ordinary PUD
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False
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T/F: Cat scans and MRIs are good tests for ZES.
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False
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T/F Surgery is an MD treatment for ZES
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True
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Gastric Cancer is more common in________________ than Caucasions
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African Americans
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T/F: Gastric Cancer is associated with genetics.
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True
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T/F Gastric cancer signs and symptoms are easily seen
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FALSE
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What is the MD treatment for Gastric cancer?
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Surgery, radiation, and chemo
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One of the liver's functions is the metabolism of cholesterol.
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True
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What's a bilirubin test doing?
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Checking for hyperbilirubinemia
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Bile duct obstruction can cause prothrombine time to decrease
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False
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RBCs breakdown to____________,excreted by bile into the gut
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Bilirubin
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Hemolytic Jaundice is due to increased production of bilirubin from excess breakdown of________?
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RBCs
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Sclerosing cholangitis is_____________?
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Bile duct stenosis
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Gallstones is an example of________________ ______________ ______________.
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Extrahepatic obstruction Jaundice
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Dubin-Johnson Syndrome, the liver can't transfer__________into the bile ducts.
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Conjugated bilirubin
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Hepatic Cirrhossis usually affects the entire liver.
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True
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Hepatic Cirrhossis is irreversible.
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False
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What are three complications of Hepatic Cirrhossis?
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Kidney failure, liver cancer, ascites
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Ulcerative colitis is a disease of the ________
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colon
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, non-specific ______ & ______ disease in the color mucosa
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inflammatory, ulcerative
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Ulcerative colitis is a disease of the ________
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colon
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, non-specific ______ & ______ disease in the color mucosa
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inflammatory, ulcerative
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Ulcerative colitis peaks betwwen ______ y/o's and ____y/o's
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15-30, 50-70
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Ulcerative colitis usually begins in the ______ area
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rectosigmoid
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Ulcerative colitis has attacks of _____ diarrhea
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bloody
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The stools of __________ are watery, full of food, blood, mucous and pus
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ulcerative colitis
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Artheritis, skin manifestations, iritis, cirrhosis, fatty liver and kidney stones are other signs and symptoms of __________
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ulcerative colitis
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The major test to confirm ulcerative colitis is a ________
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colonoscopy
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Most patients that have ulcerative colitis have _________ (chronic / acute) problems (circle one)
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chronic
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Which type of colitis is considered an medical emergency?
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toxic colitis
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Which drugs are used for ulcerative colitis?
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nicotine patches, anti-cholinergies, anti-inflammatory durgs and sulfasalazine
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What is the major sign and symptom that differentiates crohns from ulcerative colitis?
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ulcerative colitis has bloody diarrhea
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Irritable bowel syndrome effects the function of what organ?
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large intestine
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Name 2 signs and symptoms of IBS
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cramping, bloat, gas, alternating diarrhea and constipation
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The major sign to confirm a diagnosis of IBS is _____ weeks of abnormal stools
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12
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What is melanosis
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colonic staining due to laxatives
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Sal-like projections into the muscular layer of the colorectum is ________________
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diverticulosis
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1. Name symptoms of Infant Botulism?
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a. Constipation, poor feeding, lethargy, weakness, pooled oral secretions, wail/altered cry, and loss of head control.
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2. How is Giardia Lamblia spread?
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a. Contaminated water or oral-fecal contact
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3. What are the symptoms of Giardia Lamblia?
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a. Frothy diarrhea, abdominal pain, fullness and distension, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, headache and low fever.
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4. Cryptosporidium Parvum has the most negative impact on what group of people?
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a. HIV/AIDS patients
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5. What tests do you use to determine if a person has Cryptosporidium Parvum?
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a. Parasite Test, stool ova or sometimes intestinal biopsy
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6. True/False: No drug is effective for treatment of Cryptosporidium Parvum
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a. True
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7. Entamoeba histolytica is caused by what?
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a. One-celled protozoa
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8. What are the symptoms of Entamoeba histolytica?
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a. Vague gastrointestinal stress, dysentery with blood and mucous
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9. What is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica?
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a. Metronidazole
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10. What is the most common parasitic infection throughout the world?
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a. Blastocystosis Hominis
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11. True/False: Blastocystosis Hominis can linger in the GI for years?
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a. True
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12. What is the treatment for Blastocystosis Hominis?
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a. Metronidazole
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13. What are three Gastrointestinal Nematodes?
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a. Roundworms (Ascaria)
b. Tapeworms c. Pinworms |
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14. What is the most common intestinal worm infection?
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a. Roundworm
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15. What are the symptoms of Roundworms in the body?
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a. Passing worms in stool, vomiting up worms, worms exiting through nose/mouth, low-grade fever, cough, bloody sputum, wheezing, SOB, skin rash, stomach pain
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16. Name some of the complications due to roundworms?
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a. Billiary tract obstruction, perforated gut, blockage in the intestines, abscesses throughout the body
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17. What are the symptoms of Tapeworms?
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a. Gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, weakness, anorexia
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18. How long is the treatment plan for tapeworms?
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a. Usually only one dose is necessary
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19. How are you infected by pinworms?
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a. Person-to-person; oral-fecal transmission
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20. True/False: Pinworms deposit their eggs in the anal area at night?
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a. True
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21. Name the method or test to determine if a patient has pinworms?
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a. Tape Test
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22. True/False: You do not need to change bedding every day when diagnosed with pinworms?
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a. False
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What is the treatment for Shigella?
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fluid and electrolyte replacement
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Where can you get Salmonella?
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food and water
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What is the treatment for Salmonella?
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fluid and electrolyte replacement
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What are some symptoms of E. Coli?
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Severe diarrhea that can be bloody, stomach cramps and gas
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Where can you get Campylobacter jejuni?
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Eating contaminated food/water
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What is the treatment for Campylobacter jejuni?
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fluid and electrolyte replacement
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What are some symptoms of Yersinia enterocolitica?
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fever, lower right abdominal pain, blood diarrhea
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What is the treatment for Yersinia enterocolitica?
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fluid and electrolyte replacement
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What is clostridium difficile?
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An intestinal infection of clostridium difficile
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What bizarre treatment can you do for clostridium difficile?
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implantation of feces from healthy person
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What are the symptoms of cholera?
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acute profuse water diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting
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What is the treatment for Cholera?
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fluid and electrolyte replacement
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What is the treatment for Staphylococcous aureas?
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fluid and electrolyte replacement
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What bacteria causes Typhoid?
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Salmonella typhi
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Where can you get Bacillus cereus?
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Eating contaminated food, usually refried rice
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What is perfringes food poisoning?
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clostridium perfringens
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What are symptoms of food poisoning?
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abdominal cramps and diarrhea
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How do you diagnos perfringes poisoning?
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by symptoms and toxic detection in the feces
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What is a disease of undercooked foods?
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clostridium botulinum
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What disease is associated with canned foods?
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clostridium botulinum
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What are some symptoms of botulism?
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lasstiude, weakness and vertigo
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What year was infant botulism discovered?
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1976
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What is Pruritus Ani? Name 3 causes.
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"Definition—anal and perianal itching- a. Dermatologic disorders such as psoriasis.
b. Allergic reactions—contact dermatitis. c. Microorganisms—fungi, bacterial secondary infections" |
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How do you treat Pruritus Ani?
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a. Eliminate spices, citrus fruits, vitamin C tablets, coffee, beer, cola.
b. Loose clothing. c. Clean anus after bowel movement. d. Talcum powder to stop moisture developing. e. Topical hydrocortisone 1% in emulsion. |
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What is the etiology for fecal incontinence?
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Injury to spinal cord, congenital problems, senility, diabetes, fecal impaction, in kids encopresis, inflammatory illnesses, tumors, post-dilation of anal sphincter surgery
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How do your treat fecal incontinence?
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a. Bowel management program to establish daily regularity in bowel movement time.
b. Drug loperamide to reduce defecation frequency. c. Perianal exercises (refer to specialist nurse)—contract anal sphincter, buttock muscles. d. Biofeedback. e. Operations. |
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Name the signs of colorectal cancer?
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change in bowel habits
pencil thin stools blood in stool abdominal pain anemia, fatigue, weight loss |
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What is Enteritis (gastroenteritis)?
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Infection in the small intestine by some organism
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What are the signs and symptoms of Enteritis?
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Diarrhea—noninflammatory and inflammatory diarrhea:
Can be numerous stools a day and/or loose unformed stools. Can have severe urging with concerns about incontinence. Can have food, mucous, blood in it—bloody diarrhea is obviously of higher concern. Can be frothy, projectile, profuse, etc |
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What pathogenic bacterias is Enteritis associated with?
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salmonella, shigella, yersinia, campylobacter, vibrio, hemorrhagic E. Coli, c. difficile, and chlamydia.
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Name other signs and symptoms of Enteritis?
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Cramps, bloating, gas
Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Anorexia Fatigue, weakness Weight loss Vomiting Painful stools—burning Abdominal pain |
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What is associated with Klebsiella?
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ankylosing spondylitis.
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Is Enteritis water or fecal/oral borne?
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either or or both
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What are some causes of chronic watery diarrhea?
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Secretory (IBD, bacterial toxins, ileal bile acid absorption).Vasculitis.
Drugs and poisons—laxative abuse. Disordered motility/regulation. Endocrine: hyperthyroidism, advanced DM neuropathy, Addison’s. Tumors |
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On a CBC panel what does high eosinophils indicate?
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Parasites
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Parasites
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Black or bloody stools.
Signs of severe dehydration— rapid heart beat, confusion, weakness, dry mouth, abnormal skin turgor This can occur in hours in infants! Look for no saliva, low activity, cries with no tears, decreased wet diapers. Diarrhea persists more than four days. High fever or fever with chills. Lots of mucous in stool. floating stools |
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What are the major causes of acute diarrhea?
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Bloody stools: memorize
Salmonella, Shigella, Campylocater, enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (0157:H7), Clost difficile, E. histolytica. Rectal pain, severe tenesmus: campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, neisseria gonorrhea, herpes, chlamydia, E. histolytica Severe or persistent abdominal pain: campylobacter, yersinia, clost. Perfringens, aeromonas Recent antibiotic therapy or chemotherapy: c. difficile, salmonella. |
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Name the 4 Gastroenteritis due to Viruses?
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Rotavirus
Norwalk agent Adenovirus Echovirus |
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What are Rotaviruses?
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Infection of the small intestine caused by a rotavirus groups A, B, or C. Self-limiting, mild to severe disease.
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What is Norwalk agent?
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Small intestine infection which usually occurs in epidemics
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What is Adenovisrus?
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Adenoviruses mostly cause URI illnesses in children, but can also cause gastroenteritis
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What is Echovirus?
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Infantile diarrhea with watery diarrhea
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List 5 bacterial infections of the GI?
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Shigella
Salmonella E. Coli Campylobacter jejuni Yersinia enterocolitica Clostridium difficile Cholera Staphylococcus aureus Typhoid Bacillus cereus Clostridium perfringens Clostridium botulinum |
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What is shigella?
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Small intestine infection causes by 1-4 species.food,fingers,flies,feces
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What are three complications with Hepatic Cirrhosis?
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Portal hypertemsion, bleeding disorders, liver cancer, renal failure, death
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What are two signs/symptoms of Hepatic Cirrhosis?
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Jaundice, weakness, anorexia, fat malabsorption
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What two are you looking for in a physical exam for Hepatic Cirrhosis?
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Portal hypertemsion, Liver cell failure
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What will the lab tests show?
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Decreased albumin, prolonged prothrombin, increased serum gamma globulin
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What two treatments do MD's use?
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Supportive: vitamins, withdraw toxins; Liver transplant
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What is Primary Biliary Cirrhosis?
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Inflamation of bile ducts resulting in narrowing the flow of bile
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What are the symptoms of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis?
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Iching, jaundice, enlarged liver, fatty stools
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What are two complications of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis?
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Liver failure, renal failure, bleeding, malnutrition, fluid and electrolyte imbalance
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What are two MD treatments?
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Cholestyramine, vitamin replacment, antibiotics, liver transplant
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What is Hemochromatosis?
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Hyperabsorption of iron
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What are the symptoms of Hemochromatosis?
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Chronic fatigue, abdominal pain, impotence, menstrual irregularity
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What is Wilson's disease?
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Autosomal recessive disorder, excessive sepsition of copper in liver and brain
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Picture- What kind of ring appears in the eye with Wilson's disease?
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Copper ring
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What kind of behavior results with Wilson's disease?
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Aggressive, homicidal behavior
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What artery does a hepatocellular carcinoma receive blood from?
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Hepatic artery
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What are the three major etologic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Hepatitis B/C, Nitrosamines, Asian flukes
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What are the symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Pain in RUQ, weight loss, fever, ascites
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What are more symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Fatigue, bleeding problem, come, jaundice, weak limbs
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What will the test show for hepatocellular carcinoma?
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LFT-normal, Alpha-feto protein-elevated, Alkaline phosphatase-elevated,
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What is the main MD treatment?
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Transplant
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What is Acute Cholecystitis?
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Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually due to obstruction of biliary duct
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What will the Murphy's sign be?
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Positive
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What is diverticulosis?
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acquired sac like protrusions into the muscular layer of colorectum
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What are the three main signs of diverticulosis?
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bleeding, constipation, and possible inflammation/infection
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Which two tests confirm diverticulosis?
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barium x-ray, colonoscopy
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What is the MD tx for diverticulosis?
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fiber and/or surgery for giant divertulosis
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What is the definition of diverticulitis?
|
Inflammation of the diverticular pocket with risk of abcess,
perforaction, peritonitis. due to food getting stuck in pockets and getting infected. |
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What are the S/S of diverticulitis?
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Pain in the LLQ-can be severe. Fever and if severe infection
arthritis and pyoderma gangrenosum |
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How is diverticulitis diagnosed?
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colonoscopy, barium enema, CT scan if extreme
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What is the definition of hemorroids?
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veins around anus or lower rectum are inflamed and swollen
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DO external or internal hemmoroids hurt more?
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external
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What percentage of the American population will
have hemorroids by the age of 50? |
50%
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What is the etiology of hemorroids?
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PRESSURE:constipation, sedentary lifestyle, pregnancy, diarreah
low fiber, obesity |
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What are the S/S of hemorroids?
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bright colored blood on TP, pain and itching, skin tags show history
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Out of the 4 degrees/stages of hemorroids, which stages
do the hemorroids protrude out of the anus? |
Stages 2-4
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THe following are all tests for what condition?
|
hemorroids
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occult blood, visualization, digital rectal exam, anuscope,
colonoscopy, charcoal transit time test What are 4 types of MD tx for hemorroids? |
warm water wash, preparation H, increased fiber( especially at
night with water, rubber band ligation |
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What is an anal fissure?
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An acute longitudinal tear or a chronic ovoid ulcer in the upper
|
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Which condition has pain with a BM that feels like
tiny bits of glass, is diagnosed with an occult blood test, and is treated by an MD with stool softeners, glycerin suppositories, and warm sitz baths |
anal fissures
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T or F. COnstipation can exist when having a BM daily
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True.
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What is the definition of constipation?
|
Small hard dry bowel movements , usually iwth only a little
stool being passed at a time, and /or days skipped |
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THis kind of constipation is when the colon no longer
initiates peristalsis and there is no urge? |
colonic inertia or atonic constipation
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what are the S/S of constipation?
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gas, bloating, coated tongue, bad breath, smelly stools, straining
and infrequency |
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What are the common causes of constipation according
to allopathic medicine? |
medication, not enough fiber or liquids, travel/change in life,
pregnancy, elderly, not enough exercise, IBS, abuse of laxatives colon cancer, fissures, come diseases, etc. |
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What are the common causes of constipation according
to natural medicine |
low essential fatty oils, stress, low magnesium, food sensitivity
liver congestion |
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What are the tests for constipation?
|
corn or charcoal transit time. Eat either and should see them
appear in stool 12-24 hours later, colonosopy |
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TX for constipation
|
lots of fruits, veggies, and fiber, glycerin suppositories, cathartics
used rarely and judiciously |
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What is pruritis ani?
|
anal and perianal itching caused
|
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What are three corneal disorders?
|
herpes simplex keratitis, herpes zoster opthalmius, keratoconjuctivitis
sicca |
|
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WHat is Herpes simplex keratitis?
|
corneal herpes simplex viral infection
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What is herpes zoster opthalimicus?
|
varicella zoster virus involving the eye
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WHich disease is tested with schirmer test and is
treated with artificial tears. |
keratoconjunctivitis sicca
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Which disease is characterized by hazy dry cornea and Vit A deficiency, protein calorie malnutrition
|
keratomalacia
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Patient presents with painful watery , red eyes, and
photobia caused by foreign bodies, what do they have? |
corneal abrasion
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What is painless loss of central vision mostly seen in
the elderly called? |
cataracts
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what is a unilateral, lacrimation, floaters, severe pain
|
uveitis
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What are a few retinal disorders?
|
hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy, macualr degeneration
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What are the 4 main signs and symp of GERD?
|
Burning pain in esophagus radiating up or in chest, water brash(bitter or sour taste in mouth)sensation of lump in throat, pain worse 30-90 min after eating, can include regurgitation,
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|
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what are the 3 supra-esophageal manifestations of GERD?
|
Pulmonary(asthma,bronchitis,sleep apnea)ENT(chronic cough, hoarsness,laryngitis,sinusitis & serous otitis media) & dental erosion
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what is the number 1 type of test you would do to for GERD?
|
Upper endoscopy
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What are you looking for?
|
Barretts esophagus and adenocarcinoma
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What 6 secondary test would you do for GERD?
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Abdominal x-ray, chest -x-ray, barrium swallow,esophageal manometry and ph monitoring
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Name some md treatments?
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Avoid foods that cause, Remain upright after eating, eat smaller meals, Stop smoking, wear loose clothes and don’t drink lots of fluids with meals n loose weight.
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What type of drugs are used?
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Antacids, H2R antagonist,PPI's
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What is esophagitis? What's it caused by? What it the precursor to?
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Inflammation or infection of esophagus. Gerd, medication, candida, herpes, Zollinger_Ellison syndrome,recurrent vomiting and hiatal hernia. Precursor to Barretts.
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Where is the pain of esophagitis?
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pain usually in epigastric or substernal area, better with bending or lying down
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What are the signs and symptoms?
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pain, heartburn, reflux, dysphagia.
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What type of test do you do for esophagitis?
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endoscopy, barrium swallow, 12-24 esophageal test
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What is Barrets Esophagus?
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precancerous condition associated with GERD
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What types of test are done for Barretts?
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EGD w/ biopsy
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What is Zenkers Diverticulum?
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pharyngeal pouch that fills w/food that comes out when a pt bends over or lies down.
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How is Diverticulum diagnosed?
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w/ cine film
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What is a Mallory Weiss- Tear?
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bleeding from laceration at junction of stomach and esophagus
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What are the signs and symptoms of Mallory-Weiss?
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nausea, vomiting, burning or sourness in stomach, bloating, belching, pain, hematemesis
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What type of test do you do for Mallory-Weiss?
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endoscopy w/biopsy, cine-film and x-ray
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What is Dyspepsia and what is it commonly know as?
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Bloating, gassy, gnawing burning pain in upper chest, abdomen n stomach ache.
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When does dyspepsia occur?
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after eating
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What are the 6 alarm symptoms of Dyspepsia?
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unexplained weight loss, persistant vomiting, anemia, dysphagia,hemamtomesis and palpable mass
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What is gastritis?
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inflammation of stomach
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What are the signs and symptoms of gastritis?
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ab pain, belching, n/v, bloating, bloody vomit n dark stools.
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What are the causes of gastritis?
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h. pylori, alcoholism, nsaids, surgery, trauma
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What is gastritis associated with?
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pernicious anemia, crohn's,
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What test do you do for gastritis?
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upper endoscopy, h. pylori, cbc, b-12
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Name 5 of the 12 signs and symptoms of malabsorption.
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1) failure to thrive
2) specific food avoidance 3) chronic diarrhea, bloating, flatulence 4) muscle wasting 5) weakness, fatigue 6) symptoms related to nutrient deficiency 7) symptoms related to the disease causing malabsorption (such as jaundice or dermatitis) 8) weight loss, glossitis, bruising 9) steatorrhea: fatty stools 10) oral problems such as cancer sores 11) mood effects: depression/anxiety 12) Vitamin deficiency presentation |
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Vitamin K deficiency is shown through what physical symptom?
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bruising
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Protein deficiency is shown through what physical symptom?
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edema, low albumin
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Define lactose intolerance.
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congenital or acquired deficiency of lactase enzyme, creating an inablility to digest lactose, a milk sugar.
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Name 3 of the 5 symptoms of lactose intolerance.
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1) gassy
2) bloating 3) osmotic diarrhea 4) abdominal cramps 5) borborygmus |
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What are two treatments for lactose intolerance?
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1) avoid lactose, use non dairy products
2) use dairy foods low in lactose: ice cream, swiss and chaddar chees, cottage cheese, yogurt. |
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Celiac's Disease is also known as:
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Gluten-sensitive enteropathy and non-tropical sprue
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What is the protein called that a person with celiac's disease is sensitive to?
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gliadin protein found in gluten in grains.
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What area of the small intestine is affected by the sensitivity?
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the jejunum
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In what ethnicity is Celiac's disease of high incidence?
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Irish
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What serious illnesses can be associated with Celiacs disease?
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1) IDDM
2) lymphoma 3) adenocarcinoma 4) spontaneous abortions |
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What is the treatment for Celiac's disease?
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1) avoid gluten food
2) avoid milk |
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Name 3 grains/flours that patients avoiding gluten can eat.
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rice, corn, millet, quinoa, potato flour, soy flour, chestnut flour, arrowroot flour, tapioca flour, almond flour, hemp flour, buckwheat, wild rice, teff flour.
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What are esophageal webs? And what is it associated with?
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associated with?
Plummer-Vinson syndrome is associated with esophageal varices, what are esophageal varices? Name 2 signs/symptoms you would see if these veins ruptured. Some complications you might see with Plummer-Vinson syndrome are death from hypovolemic shock and stricture formation. True or False? A neurogenic esophageal disorder that causes problems with esophageal peristalsis and prevents lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is called? True or False, Achalasia will have signs of narrowing of proximal esophagus and dilation of distal esophagus? What does LES stand for? When the LES relaxes at an inappropriate time, it allows acid and food particles to ascend. What is this disease? Name some foods that a patient should limit/omit if they have GERD? Pain from GERD is worse 30-90 minutes after meals. True or False? Thin membranes that grow across lumen of esophagus. Iron deficiency anemia |
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome is associated with esophageal varices, what are esophageal varices?
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Varicose veins in lower esophagus
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Name 2 signs/symptoms you would see if these veins ruptured
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Hemetemesis and Melena
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Some complications you might see with Plummer-Vinson syndrome are death from hypovolemic shock and stricture formation. True or False?
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True
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A neurogenic esophageal disorder that causes problems with esophageal peristalsis and prevents lower esophageal sphincter relaxation is called?
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Achalasia
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True or False, Achalasia will have signs of narrowing of proximal esophagus and dilation of distal esophagus?
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False
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What does LES stand for?
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Lower Esophageal Sphincter
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When the LES relaxes at an inappropriate time, it allows acid and food particles to ascend. What is this disease?
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GERD
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Name some foods that a patient should limit/omit if they have GERD?
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coffee, citrus, tea, spices, peppermint, spearmint and chocolate
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Pain from GERD is worse 30-90 minutes after meals. True or False?
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True
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