Western Music Final

Front 1

Late Baroque Characteristics

Back 1

1) Major/minor tonal system
2) Polyphony is the primary texture
3) "motor" rythym
4) Little concern for "orchestration"
5) Figured Bass as a performance practice
6) Harpsichord and organ are the primary keyboard instruments
7) Sacred and secular music balanced in importance

Front 2

Classical Music Characteristics

Back 2

1) Major/minor tonal system
2) Melody and accompianiment is primary texture
3) More rythmic variation
4) Increase in orchestral experimentation and sound
5) Figured bass as a teaching method
6) Piano is the primary keyboard instrument
7) Secular music becomes more important than sacred music

Front 3

The 6 Baroque genres retained in the Classical period

Back 3

1) Solo sonata
2) Solo concerto
3) Suite
4) Opera
5) Oratorio
6) Mass

Front 4

The two new Classical genres

Back 4

1) Symphony (3 movement plan, 4 movement plan)
2) String quartet (increase in other chamber music ensembles ((trios, quintets sextets, etc. employing a piano)))

Front 5

Musical Terminology
1) Oboe
2) Bassoon
3) Horn
4) Trumpet
5) Trombone
6) Timpani

Back 5

1) Hoboe (GR), Hautbois (FR)
2) Fagott (GR), Fagotto (IT)
3) Corno (IT), Cor (FR)
4) tromba/clarion (IT)
5) Posaune (GR)
6) Pauken (GR)

Front 6

Musical Terminology
1) violin
2) viola
3) cello

Back 6

1) Geige (GR)
2) Bratsche (GR), Alto (FR)
3) Violoncello (ALL)

Front 7

Music Terminology
1) minor
2) major

Back 7

1) Moll (GR)
2) Dur (GR)

Front 8

Musical Terminology
1) B-flat
2) B-natural
3) flat
4) sharp

Back 8

1) B (GR)
2) H (GR)
3) es (GR) *exception Es eflat As aflat
4) is (GR)

Front 9

1) Symphony in Fis Moll
2) Concerto in B Dur
3) Quartet in H moll

Back 9

1) Symphony in F sharp minor
2) Concerto in B-flat major
3) Quartet in B minor

Front 10

Transposition

Back 10

whataver key is indicated for the instrument will be the pitch the instrument plays when reading c.
A horn in F plays a C but will sound an c... down a perfect fifth

Front 11

Sonata Form

Back 11

1) Introduction (optional)
2) Expostition
3) Development
4) Recapitulation
5) Coda (Optional)

Front 12

Characteristic keys of the Exposition in a sonata

Back 12

1) Theme 1 (I)
2) Bridge (modulation to V)
3) Theme 2 (V)
4) Closing theme (V)

Front 13

Development of a Sonata

Back 13

Use developmental techniques on any material from the exposition, including frequent modulations to increase the instability of the piece. TONIC KEY IS AVOIDED

Front 14

Recapitulation of a Sonata

Back 14

1) Theme 1 (I)
2) Bridge (unstable but returns to one)
3) Theme 2 (I)
4) Closing theme (I)

Front 15

Forms:
1) Binary
2) Rounded Binary
3) Ternary
4) Small Rondo
5) Large Rondo

Back 15

1) A B
2) A B (A)
3) A B A
4) A B A C A
5) A B A C A B A

Front 16

Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757)

Back 16

1) Bridge composer from Baroque to Classical
2) Born in Naples employed in Portugal and then Spain
3) Composed over 500 short piano Sonatas
4) Favored rounded binary form that evolved into sonata form

Front 17

C. P. E. Bach (1714-1788)

Back 17

1) Bridge composer baroque-classical
2) older son of Bach
3) worked for Fredrick the Great of Prussia
4) Music director for 5 churches in Hamburg
5) Wrote an important treatise on harpsichord playing
6) clearest representation of Empfindsamer Stil

Front 18

Empfindsamer Stil

Back 18

1) Utilized by CPE Bach
2) Translates to "sensitive style"
3) subtle varieties of expression are achieved through rapid changes in the music by any means (modulations, dynamics, orchestration, phrasing, articulations etc.)

Front 19

Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787)

Back 19

1) Most significant reforms in Opera since its advent
2) Wanted a return to Opera emulating Greek Drama
3) made texts more natural w/ less seperation between recitative and Aria
4) At times overture continues directly into the first number of the opera
5) blended IT FR GR styles into cosmopolitan Classical operatic style

Front 20

Cristoph Willibald Gluck's Operas

Back 20

1) "Iphingie en Aulide"
2) "Iphengie en Tauros"
3) "Orfeo"
4) "Alceste"

Front 21

Johann Stamitz (1717-1757)

Back 21

1) Bridge Composer
2) Aided in the developement of symphonic genre
3) Court composer of Mannheim
4) led from concertmaster position rather than harpsichord position (link to modern conductor)
5) largest orchestra for his time (30-60 per.)

Front 22

J. C. Bach (1735-1782)

Back 22

1) younger son of Bach
2) style defined from newer Classical music from IT
3) Referred to as "London Bach"
4) influenced Motzart

Front 23

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

*Early Life*

Back 23

1732- March 31, born in Rohrau Austria
1740-49 choirboy at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna
1750-59 freelance musicician study in Vienna.
1760- Marries Maria Anna Kellar

Front 24

Haydn (1732-1809)

*Mid Life*

Back 24

1761- serves Prince Paul Esterhazy at Einstadt
1766- Kappellmeister to Prince Esterhazy in Hungary
1775-85- concentration on composition of operas
1781- commissions from music publishers
1785- PARIS symphonies start of friendship w/ Motzart

Front 25

Haydn (1732-1809)

Back 25

1791- Returns to Vienna after Prince's death... hears Handel's Messiah
1791-92- Beethoven becomes his student
1794-95- Second visit to London Symphonies 99-104 performed

1791- "the Creation"
1792- "the Seasons"

1809- May 31, Dies in Vienna

Front 26

The Joke Quartet instrumentation

Back 26

2 violins, 1 viola, & 1 Cello

Front 27

Franz Joseph Haydn Characteristics

Back 27

1) Most important pieces are his instrumental works.
2) First Great composer to write symphonies (100+) / String quartets (80+)
3) "Creation"/"Seasons" are most significant massaes/oratorios
4) Revered in England.. performance society dubbed Handel and Haydn society
5) Suffered from deppression stopped composing in 70's

Front 28

Other Important Haydn works

Back 28

1) Cello concerto in C
2) Cello Concerto in D
3) Trumpet Concerto in E-flat
4) Missa in tempore belli (Mass in time of War)
5) Lord Nelson Mass
6) over 50 piano sonatas
7) 20+ piano trios

Front 29

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Timeline

Back 29

1756- Jan. 27, born in Salzburg, Austria