Western Music 2

Front 1

Characteristics of Renaissance music

Back 1

1) Equal counterpoint in all voices
2) Harmonic structures (chords) are the result of counterpoint
3) Little difference between vocal and instrumental writing
4) Smoothly flowing rythm

Front 2

Characteristics of Early Baroque music

Back 2

1) Outer voices predominate ('Treble-Bass Polarity)
2) Independant "chords" from a figured bass
3) Greater differentiation between vocal and instrumental styles
4) More uneven rhythm to follow text

Front 3

Basso continuo

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1) system of notation related to the treble-bass polarity.
2) melodies and bass line were written but left performers to fill in inner voices

Front 4

Figured Bass

Back 4

Bassline that had indicators for precise tensions/chord tones to be followed in composing chord structures.

Front 5

realization

Back 5

the actual playing of a figured bass

Front 6

Florentine Camerata

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Academy founded by Count Bardi
1) Members included Galileo's father, Cassini, and Peri
2) discussed and innovated literature, science, and the arts

Front 7

Monody

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Embracing of all styles of accompanied solo singing

Front 8

Guilo Caccini (1550-1618)

Back 8

1) Member of the Florentine Camerata
2) Wrote numerous songs for solo voice with continouso
3) Published his collection "Le nuove musiche"
4) Called ones with strophic texts "arias" and others were non-strophic solo madgrigals

Front 9

Jacopo Peri (1561-1633)

Back 9

1) continued in the Florentine Camerata after Bardi left and Corsi took over
2) Created the first opera "DAFNE" modeled Rinuccini's interpretation of the greek plays
3) Set music to Rinuccini's pastoral drama L'EURIDICE
4) invented RECITATIVE STYLE

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Recitative Style

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1) Implemented by Peri
2) Steadily holding Basso Continuoso while voice moved freely through consonaces and dissonaces
3) Simulated free, pitchless declamation of poetry
4) occasional consonances with bass

Front 11

variations of monody

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1) recitative
2) aria
3) madrigal

Front 12

Claudio Monteverde (1567-1643)

Back 12

1) The first great composer of opera and the greatest bridge composer from ren to baroque
2) opera "LA FAVOLA D'ORFEO"
2) Born in Cremona Northern Italy (accomplished viola)
3) Was the "Maestro" at St. Marks in Venice
4) Music fluctuated between the PRIMA PRACTICA and SECONDA PRACTICA

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1) Prima Practica
2) Seconda Practica

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1) vocal polyphony of the Renaissance, where the music took precedence over the text.
2) newer Baroque style favored text over the music

Front 14

Henry Purcell (1659-1695)

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1) Important middle Baroque ENGLISH composer and organist at Westminster abbey and Chapel Royal.
2) "DIDO AND AENEAS" and "WHEN I AM LAID IN EARTH"
3) wrote music to 4 plays and 65 anthems

Front 15

Heinrich Schutz

Back 15

1) Important GERMAN composer of the middle baroque.
2) Influenced by Gabrieli
3) Wrote both sacred and secular, secular lost... most sacred survived

Front 16

The 5 works of Schutz

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1) "Psalmens Davids"
2) "Symphonia sacre"
3) "Kleine geistliches Konzert"
4) "Christmas Story"
5) "Seven Last Words of Christ"

Front 17

Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687)

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1) Court composer under Louis XIV
2) gained greatest fame as an opera compser after 1672
3) Utilized "FRENCH OVERTURE FORM"
4) Important Comps: "ALCESTE" and "ARMIDE"

Front 18

French overture form

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1) Utilized by Lully
2) two part structure with repetition of both parts
3) first part is slow, homophonic, and majestic w/ dotted rythms
4) second is faster, with imitative counterpoint

Front 19

9 Parts of the Fugue

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1) Subject- main theme in tonic key
2) Answer- subject transposed to Dom key
3) Countersubject- second theme accompony subject
4) Expostition- opening section where all voices present a statement of subject or answer
5) Development
6) Recapitulation
7) Episodes
8) Restatements- presents subject after exposition
9) Stretto- optional

Front 20

Development

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middle section of a fugue. usually modulating to diffrent keys but avoiding the tonic keys

Front 21

Recapitulation

Back 21

a return to the original tonic key in a fugue. The subject is stated a final time to end the fugue

Front 22

Episodes

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"bridge" sections in a fugue that occur in the DEVELOPMENT section, that modulate and develop material that was presented in the exposition

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Telemann (1681-1761)

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Greatest composer of the late Baroque.
Over 4000 Surviving works

Front 24

Suite (partita)

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Grouping of stylized dance movements that usually remained in the same key.
1) many began with a prelude in the style of a toccata

Front 25

Dance types include in Suites:

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1) Allemande
2) Courante
3) Sarabande
4) Gigue
5) Rondeau
6) Gavotte
7) Minuet

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Sarabande

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dance for suite that was originally fast paced from central america and was slowed down when brought back to France

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Gigue

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French word for "Jig"... originated in the british isles fast solo dance with rapid footwork

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Courante

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french for "running" or "flowing" begins on upbeat with dignified steps raising and lowering to the beat.

Front 29

Corelli (1653-1713)

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1) famous Italian violinist composer and teacher
2) composed few works... less than 100
3) most works for strings
4) Wrote TRIO SONATAS

Front 30

Trio sonatas

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multi-movement works for three lines of music
1) two treble instruments w/ basso continuo

Front 31

Sonata de camera

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Style of late seventeenth century music that featured a series of stylized dances often beginning with a prelude

Front 32

Sonata da chiesa

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sonata used in church

Front 33

Solo Concerto

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work for solo instrument and orchestra
1) used at public ceremonies, mass etc
2) The full ensemble (Ripieno/Tutti) begins in the orchestra, acting as a RITORNELLO and alternating with solo sections

Front 34

Ritornello

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instrumental refrain

Front 35

Concerto Grosso

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1) a small ensemble (concertino) of solo instrumentalists that alternates with the RITORNELLO.

Front 36

Concertino

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small ensemble that alternates with the RITORNELLO in the CONCERTO GROSSO.
1) Usually comprised of violin and cello soloists

Front 37

Vivaldi (1678-1741)

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A leading violinist and composer of his time
1) Best known for his concerti (500+) with most famous being the "Four Seasons"
2) teacher composer and conductor at the "PIO OSPEDALE DELLA PIETA" in Venice

Front 38

Bach Life Timeline

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1685) Born in eisanach Germany
1649) parents die. Lives w/ Brother
1703) First music postition in ARNSTADT as church organist
1707) Apointed organist at MUHLHAUSEN
1708) organist at WEIMAR
1717) KAPELLMEISTER to Prince Leopold in Cothen
1723) appointed KANTOR of St. Thomas School in Leipzig
1750) DEATH july 28

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Bach details

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1) wrote exemplary balane between counterpoint and vertical (harmony) music texture.
2) His complexity in writing led to unpopularity amongst the younger crowd and the hanging tastes of the time that demanded simplicity

Front 40

Bach's primary pieces from:
1) Arnstadt
2) Muhlhausen
3) Weimar

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1) Capriccio sulla lontananza del
2) Cantata Meine Seele rumpt und preist
3) toccatas for organ

Front 41

Bach's 7 works of Cothen

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1) Brandenburg Concerti
2) Chromatic Fantasies and Fugue
3) English Suites
4) French Suites
5) Two and three part inventions
6) Violin sonatas and concerti
7) Well Tempered Clavier- Book 1

Front 42

Bach's 10 notable works of Leipzig

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1) Magnificat
2) St. John Passion
3) St. Matthew Passion
4) Clavier Ubung
5) Christmas Oratorio
6) b Minor Mass
7) Goldberg Variations
8) Well tempered Clavier- Book 2
9) Musical Offering
10) The Art of the Fugue

Front 43

Bach's "Musical Offering"

Back 43

A series of canons, a trio sonata, and a six figure fugue all based on a theme provided by King Fredrick the Great of Prussia

Front 44

Bach's "the Art of the Fugue"

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1) A collection of fugues in d minor, in which Bach explores a multitude of contrapuntal tequniches.
2) Double, triple, quadruple, inverted and mirror fugues are used.
3) a tour de force of tonal composition
4) "do sol me do ti do re"

Front 45

Bach's the "19th Fugue"

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1) Work left incomplete at Bach's death
2) planned a quadruple fugue based on the following three subjects
3) subject three spelled "B A C H"