Western Medical Pathology- Quiz 1

Front 1

a common type of cell death after exogenous stimuli. Two essential processes bring about the change: enzyme digestion of the cell and denaturation of protein, such as the result of myocardiac infarction. caused by external factors; premature death of cells and tissue

Back 1

necrosis

Front 2

all normal cells have a life span and programmed to die naturally; responsible for some physiologic events, such as endometrium in uterus during the menstrual cycle, or pathologic events like the change of liver cells in viral hepatitis; programmed cell death

Back 2

apoptosis

Front 3

refers to an increase of size of cells

Back 3

hypertrophy

Front 4

constitutes an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue

Back 4

hyperplasia

Front 5

a reversible change of adaptation in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type

Back 5

metaplasia

Front 6

2 types of wound healing

Back 6

primary union & secondary union

Front 7

a best example is the clean surgical incision of the skin, in which there is minimal tissue damage and the edges are closely approximated by tape or sutures. In about 2 weeks, the incision may appear well healed, but it may take a month or more for the strength of the scar tissue to equal that of the original tissue.

Back 7

primary union ( a type of wound healing)

Front 8

when there is more extensive loss of cells and tissue, as occurs in infarction, or inflammatory ulceration, the wound cannot be completely replaced by the original architecture. abundant granulation tissue grows to complete the repair and formats large scar. sometimes the skin may need to be grafted

Back 8

secondary union (a type of wound healing)

Front 9

a protective response to the cell injury

Back 9

inflammation

Front 10

local clinical features of inflammation (5)

Back 10

1. warming
2. swelling
3. pain
4. redness
5. functional disturbance

Front 11

the immediate and early response to an injurious agent

Back 11

acute inflammation

Front 12

may results from persistent infection, prolonged or reoccurent exposure to inflammatory agents, or autoimmune reaction.

Back 12

chronic inflammation

Front 13

a large number of neutrophils infiltration usually in what kind of inflammation?

Back 13

suppurative / purulent inflammation

Front 14

Do these types of cells have the ability of regeneration?
epithelial tissue, fibrous tissue, fat tissue, bone and cartilage, vessel, muscle, peripheral nervous tissue

Back 14

yes

Front 15

Do these types of cells have the ability of regeneration?
nervous cells in brain and spinal cord

Back 15

no

Front 16

the condition of a clot formed in the blood vessel

Back 16

thrombosis

Front 17

the condition of a clot in the cardiovascular system that may be detached and carried in the circulation

Back 17

embolism

Front 18

What disease will have an increase in immunoglobulin?

Back 18

chronic infection

Front 19

the elevation in what class of immunoglobulin is seen in parasitic disease?

Back 19

IgE

Front 20

the elevation in what classes of immunoglobulin are seen in multiple myeloma?

Back 20

IgG, IgA, or IgD

Front 21

an immediate immune reaction occurs within minutes of exposure to the causative antigen, the reactions are mediated by IgE class antibodies. The main effects are vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, edema, bronchospasm, and hyper secretion by the bronchial mucous glands.

Back 21

Type I (anaphylactic) hypersensitivity

Front 22

allergic rhinitis can show what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Back 22

Type I (anaphylactic)

Front 23

bronchial asthma can show what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Back 23

Type I (anaphylactic)

Front 24

some drugs that induce shock can show what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Back 24

Type I (anaphylactic)

Front 25

type of cell mediated immune response to viruses, fungi, and certain bacteria. T lymphocytes rather than antibodies are responsible for the tissue injury

Back 25

Type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity

Front 26

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in tuberculosis?

Back 26

Type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity

Front 27

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in contact dermatitis?

Back 27

Type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity

Front 28

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in chronic graft rejection?

Back 28

Type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity

Front 29

HIV infection 1st attacks what kind of lymphosil?

Back 29

helper T lymphocytes

Front 30

Some cancers require hormones for their growth and are called hormone response. Such as breast cancer and prostate cancer. some medicines or removal of testis can block the stimulation of sex hormones. corticosteroids also inhibit the growth of many malignant tumors, especially tumors of the lymphatic system.

Back 30

hormone therapy (for malignant therapy)

Front 31

the nonspecific agents include interferon, interleukin-2, transfer factor, thymosin, etc. which either stimulate cells of the immune system or act against the tumor cells. specific _______ targets the patient's own tumor cells to attack, the approaches are still under clinical observation

Back 31

immunotherapy (for malignant therapy)

Front 32

a disease resulting from a chromosome abnormality or a defective gene, which is genetically transmissible, passed from parent to offspring in the reproductive cells

Back 32

hereditary disease

Front 33

any disorders involving the genes, they are not always passed from parent to offspring in the reproductive cells

Back 33

genetic disease

Front 34

or malformation, refers to any abnormality that is present at the time of birth

Back 34

congenital disease

Front 35

defect of the hereditary disease Down syndrome:

Back 35

presence of an extra chromosome on chromosome 21 per cell (trisomy 21)

Front 36

defect of the hereditary disease Fragile X Syndrome

Back 36

a defective gene on the X chromosome, a small portion of the tip of the X chromosome sems susceptible to breakage

Front 37

defect of the hereditary disease Klinefelter's syndrome

Back 37

extra sex chromosome is present (karyotype 47, XXY), their are two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome

Front 38

defect of the hereditary disease Turner's syndrome

Back 38

one of the sex chromosomes is missing (karyotype 45, XO), patient has 45 chromosomes, with only one X chromosome

Front 39

defect of the hereditary disease sickle cell anemia

Back 39

abnormal sickle hemoglobin, if both alleles of a pair are fully expressed in heteroxygous state

Front 40

defect of the hereditary disease phenylketonuria

Back 40

a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

Front 41

defect of the hereditary disease hemophilia

Back 41

deficiency of different plasma clotting factors

Front 42

what type of hereditary disease can be treated by diet control?

Back 42

phenoketonuria (restricting intake of phenylalanine from food)

Front 43

what 2 hereditary diseases can be treated with sex hormones?

Back 43

Turner's syndrome & Klinefelter's syndrome

Front 44

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
slow growth rate

Back 44

benign

Front 45

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
infiltration character of growth

Back 45

malignant

Front 46

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
expansion character of growth

Back 46

benign

Front 47

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
tumor is spread localized

Back 47

benign

Front 48

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
tumor spreads through metastasis

Back 48

malignant

Front 49

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
cells are well differentiated

Back 49

benign

Front 50

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
cells are poorly differentiated

Back 50

malignant

Front 51

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
necrosis and bleeding is rare

Back 51

benign

Front 52

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
necrosis and bleeding is common

Back 52

malignant

Front 53

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
recurrence is rare

Back 53

benign

Front 54

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
recurrence may happen

Back 54

malignant

Front 55

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
may cause many complications and threaten life

Back 55

malignant

Front 56

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
local compression and obstruction

Back 56

benign

Front 57

(benign tumor or malignant tumor)
has capsule

Back 57

benign

Front 58

any malignant tumor arising from surface, glandular, or parenchymal epithelium

Back 58

carcinoma

Front 59

a general term referring to a malignant tumor arising from primary tissues other than surface, glandular, or parenchymal epithelium

Back 59

sarcoma

Front 60

applied to any neoplasm of blood formed tissues

Back 60

leukemia

Front 61

what type of malignant tumor has the highest survival rate?

Back 61

thyroid cancer

Front 62

what type of malignant tumor has the lowest survival rate?

Back 62

pancreatic carcinoma

Front 63

risk factors for breast cancer (8)

Back 63

1. older age
2. positive family history
3. early menarche
4. late menopause
5. first term pregnancy after age 25 yrs
6. nulliparity
7. use of exogenous estrogen in menopause women
8. expose to radiation

Front 64

risk factors for prostate cancer (5)

Back 64

1. increasing age
2. positive family history
3. high fat diet
4. high mean testosterone level
5. black race

Front 65

patients less than 65 years old without metastases should undergo ________ of prostate

Back 65

surgical removal

Front 66

elderly patients with prostate cancer without metastasis may select _____ therapy and ______ therapy.

Back 66

radiation or hormone therapy

Front 67

for metastatic patients with prostate cancer, _______ therapy (sometimes plus ______) should be given

Back 67

hormone therapy (sometimes plus chemotherapy)

Front 68

2 therapies for metastatic breast cancer patients

Back 68

chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy

Front 69

breast cancer patients with small tumors undergo what therapy?

Back 69

lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy and hormone therapy

Front 70

breast cancer patients with larger tumors or more than two tumors with positive axillary lymph nodes

Back 70

mastectomy followed by chemotherapy

Front 71

pathology of prostate cancer

Back 71

adenocarcinoma

Front 72

more than 90% of carcinoma from breast cancer are called:

Back 72

ductal carcinoma

Front 73

the rest of the types of breast cancer (least amount) are designated:

Back 73

lobular carcinoma