Western Medical Pathology- Final

Front 1

focal neurologic symptoms are typified by positive visual phenomena such as scintillating scotomata that often precede the headache, usually lasts 10-40 minutes

Back 1

Auras (a clinical manifestation of migraines)

Front 2

clinical manifestations of migraines: the headache is often pulsating, unilateral, and frontotemporal in distribution and accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Patients are intolerant of _____ (photophobia), ______ (phonophobia), and _____ (osmophobia)

Back 2

light, sound, odors

Front 3

clinical manifestations of migraine: in ______, migraine is often associated with episodic abdominal pain, motion sickness, and sleep disturbance

Back 3

children

Front 4

clinical manifestations of migraine: onset in patients older than ___ is rare, but recurrent migraine headache may occur with transient hemiparesis or hemiplegia.

Back 4

50

Front 5

migraine episodes usually last from several hours to more than ___ hours

Back 5

10

Front 6

clinical manifestations of this cranial nerve disease include mild aching auricular or retroauricular pain, followed by sudden unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis of the face, drooling, cannot close eye, total loss of facial extension and forehead creases on the paralyzed side, some have dry mouth and loss of taste on ant 2/3 of tongue involving chorda tympani nerve

Back 6

Bell's Palsy

Front 7

= with attempted eye closure, the globe rotates superiorly, presenting the sclera inferior to the cornea

Back 7

Bell's Phenomenon

Front 8

clinical manifestations of this nervous disease include episodic vertigo accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sweating, low blood pressure, tinnitus, and a feeling of pressure or fullness in the ear

Back 8

Meniere's Disease

Front 9

in this disease, vertigo may be so severe that patient cannot sit or stand, even open the eyes, and hearing loss may occur after several times of the attack

Back 9

Meniere's Disease

Front 10

each Meniere's attack can last several hours to several ______

Back 10

days

Front 11

this nervous disease is characterized by brief paroxysms of high intensity/excruciating facial pain (similar to an electric shock or burning)

Back 11

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Front 12

the trigeminal nerve is divided into ___ branches

Back 12

3

Front 13

in trigeminal neuralgia, the pain more often occurs in the area supplied by what divisions?

Back 13

2nd and 3rd (cheek and low jaw)

Front 14

in trigeminal neuralgia, the pain less commonly is felt in the _____

Back 14

forehead (1st division)

Front 15

what does TIA stand for?

Back 15

transient ischemic attack (ischemic stroke)

Front 16

a transient neurologic deficit resulting from reduced blood flow, lasting less than 24 hours, and followed by full functional recovery, about 50% of strokes are preceded by these

Back 16

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

Front 17

32% of strokes are caused by this, a clot that is formed in the brain

Back 17

Cerebral Thrombosis

Front 18

15-20% of stokes are caused by this, a clot that has a different origin than the brain (most are of cardiac origin)

Back 18

Cerebral Embolism

Front 19

What kind of connective tissue disease involves the kidney?

Back 19

SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Front 20

what is the specific antibody for Lupus?

Back 20

Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) is the main one; but anti-DNA, anti-Sm and LE cells can also be present

Front 21

what is the specific antibody for RA?

Back 21

RF (rheumatoid factor)

Front 22

what type of Osteoporosis is postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Back 22

Type I

Front 23

what type of Osteoporosis is senile osteoporosis?

Back 23

Type II

Front 24

this type of osteoporosis often presents with vertebral crush fractures or colles' fractures

Back 24

Type I (postmenopausal)

Front 25

this type of osteoporosis is associated with a more balanced decrease in cortical and trabecular bone mass, fractures of hip, pelvis, wrist, proximal humerus, proximal tibia and vertebral bodies all occur commonly

Back 25

Type II (senile)

Front 26

the mechanism of this type of osteoporosis is due to estrogen deficiency, which increases bone reabsorption and ma diminish bone formation

Back 26

Type I (postmenopausal)

Front 27

this type of osteoporosis has to do with
1) defect in the ability of the kidney to make what it needs to
2)decrease in osteoblastic bone formation with aging
; or in some males it may relate to the xu of androgen and or estrogen

Back 27

Type II (senile)

Front 28

a disease of demyelination in white matter, the common involved area includes white matter around lateral ventricles and in brain stem, spinal cord, cerebellum, and optical nerve.
Multiple plaques form around venues and show inflammatory change; scar tissue eventually forms.

Back 28

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 29

Abrupt loss of consciousness with bilateral tonic extension of the trunk and limbs (first phase). It lasts ~2 min., often accompanied by loud vocalization ("epileptic cry"), and cyanosis. Followed by bilaterally synchronous muscle jerking (second phase).

Back 29

Tonic-clonic seizure

Front 30

What measurements can make a diagnosis of epilepsy?

Back 30

Diagnosis is based on history, physical exam, EEG, and sometimes CT scan is also needed.

Front 31

Sudden severe headache, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity, and positive Brudzinski's sign (severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed). No hemiparalysis typically.

Back 31

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

Front 32

Most cases have onset during emotional nervousness or physical exertion. Starts with severe headache, nausea, vomiting. Usually, loss of consciousness or mental disturbance occurs by several hours.

Back 32

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)

Front 33

Herbal formulas for intracerebral hemorrhage

Back 33

An Gong Niu Huang Wan (acute stage)
Ren Shen Zai Zao Wan (for CNS functional recovery)

Front 34

Herbs for MS

Back 34

Include: Huang Qi, Tu Si Zi, Gou Qi Zi, Nu Zhen Zi, Shu Di Huang, Chuan Xiong, Tian Ma, Gou Teng

(Herbs that remove pathogenic Wind)

Front 35

Herbal formula for Epilepsy

Back 35

Long Dan Xia Gen Tang

Front 36

Herb for Trigeminal Neuralgia

Back 36

Qiyelain

Front 37

Herbs for Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE)

Back 37

Leigonteng
Kumingshahaitang

Front 38

Cllnical manifestations include unilateral visual impairment, double vision, paresthesias, vertigo, nystagmus (involuntary eye movement), Babinski sign, impairment of central sensory pathways...

Back 38

MS

Front 39

Hemorrhage with most common cause being congenital intracranial aneurysms

Back 39

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

Front 40

Hemorrhage with most common causes being hypertension and atherosclerosis

Back 40

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)