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488 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cis/o
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to cut
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-ac
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pertaining to
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-al
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pertaining to
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-algia
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pain
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-ase
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enzyme: e.g. amylase (starches)
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-blast
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embyronic, immature
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-cele
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hernia
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-centesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid
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-coccus
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berry-shaped bacterium
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-colpo
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vagina
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-cyesis
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pregnancy
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-drome
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to run
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-dynia
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pain
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-eal
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pertaining to
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-ectasis, -ectasia
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stretching, dilation
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-ectomy
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excision, removal
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-emesis
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vomiting
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-er
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one who
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-fusion
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coming together, to pour
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-gen
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substance that produces
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-genesis
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condition of, producing, forming
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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-ia
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condition
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-iac
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pertaining to
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-ic , -ical
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pertaining to
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-ion
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process
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-ior
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pertaining to
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-ism
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process, condition
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-lapse
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to slide, fall, sag
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-lysis
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breakdown, destruction, separation
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-malacia
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softening (eg osteomalacia)
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-megaly
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enlargment
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-meter
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to measure
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-mission
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to send
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-oid
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resembling
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-ole
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little, small
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-oophor/o
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ovary; e.g. oophorectomy
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-ose
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pertaining to, full of
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-ostomy
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proes of making an opening
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-partum
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birth, labor
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-penia
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deficiency
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-pepsia
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digestion
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-phagia
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eating, swallowing
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-phoria
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to bear, carry; feeling
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-physis
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to grow
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-plasia
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development, formation, growth
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-plasm
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formation
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-plasm
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structure or formation
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-pnea
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breathing
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-psy
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examine
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-ptosis
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falling, dropping, prolapse
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-ptysis
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spitting
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-rrhaphy
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suture; e.g. herniorrhaphy
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-rrhea
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flow, discharge
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-salping/o
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fallopian tubes; eg salpingectomy
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-sclerosis
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hardening
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-sis
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state of; condition
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-somes
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bodies
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-stasis
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stopping, controlling (eg metastasis is uncontrolled cellular change)
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-stenosis
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tightening, stricture, narrowing
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-stomy
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new opening (eg colostomy)
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-tomy
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process of cutting, incision
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-tresia
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opening
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-trophy
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development, nourishment
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-type
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picture, classification
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-ule
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little, small
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-um, ium
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structure, tissue
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-uria
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abnormal urine condition
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-us
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structure, substance
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-y
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process, condition
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-y
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condition, process
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a- or an-
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no, not, without
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abduct
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to turn away from the midline
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abruptio placentae
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spontaneous abortion
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achlorhydria
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not enough HCl in stomach
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acr/o
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extremities, top, extreme (eg acromegaly)
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acromegaly
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enlargement of appendages
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acu/o
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sharp, severe, sudden
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AD
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Alzheimer Disease - brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning
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ad-
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toward
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adduct
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to turn towards the midline
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albuminaria
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albumin in urine - kidney filtration malfunction
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algesia
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pertaining to pain
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ALOC
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altered level of consciousness - possible side effect of brain injury
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ALS
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - degenerative disorder of motor neurons in spinal cord and brainstem - slowly lose muscle control - peripheral nervous system
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amni/o
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amnion (sac surrounding embryo in uterus)
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an/o
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anus
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ana-
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up
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ana-
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up, apart
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anaplasia
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excessive growth; cancer
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androgen
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gives rise to a male
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anencephaly
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lack of a brain; cerbral cortex doesn't form in fetus due to deficiency of folic acid
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aneurysm
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local widening of an arterial wall; caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension or a congenital weakness in vessel wall.
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angi/o
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vessel
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angio
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blood vessel - almost always used to refer to arteries
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angioplasty
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surgical repair of blood vessel/artery
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anorchism
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no testicles
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anorexia
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lack of apetite
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ante-
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before, forward
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anuria
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no urine
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aphasia
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lack of speech
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append/o
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appendix
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apraxia
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lack of purposeful action; i.e. Tourette's Syndrome.
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arachnoid
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middle layer of meninges
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arrhythmia
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abnormal heart rhythm; same as dysrhythmia
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arteriosclerosis
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hardening of arteries - calcification of arteries; disease of old age
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ascites
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fluid in abdominal cavity; usually in late stage of liver failure
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aspermia
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lack of formation or ejaculation of sperm
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asthenia
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weakness
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astrocytes
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neuroglial cells that have receptors and aid in transport of water and salts
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astrocytoma
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tumor of the brain
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asystole
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lack of contraction; no contraction
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ataxia
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lack of coordination - persistent unsteadiness of the feet - usually involves cerebellum
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atherosclerosis
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a condition in which fatty material collects along the walls of arteries
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atresia
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not open
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atrium
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upper chamber of the heart
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auscultation
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to listen carefully
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axill/o
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armpit
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balanitis
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inflammation of penis caused by overgrowth of organisms
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Bell's Palsy
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paralysis on one side of the face like caused by a viral infection.
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bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
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removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes
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Bile
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"bitter"; emulsifies fats so enzymes can work
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biliary atresia
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blockage of common bile duct
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bilirubin
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red bile
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biliverdin
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green bile
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biopsy
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"examination of life" - usually to take a tissue sample and view under microscope
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Bleed
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Type of stroke: hemmorhagic
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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bol/o
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to cast (throw)
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bolus
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swallowed food
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borborygmus
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bowel sounds
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bradykinesia
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slow movement
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bronch/o
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bronchial tubes
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bucc/o
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cheek
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BUN
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waste product in urine gives indication of how kidney is functioning
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CAD
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Coronary Artery Disease - disease of arteries surrounding heart; usually a result of atherosclerosis
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cardiac sphincter
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sphincter leading into stomach from esophagus
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carp/o
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wrist bones
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cata-
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down
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causalgia
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burning pain; characteristic of nerve compression
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cec/o
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cecum - first section of large intestine
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cecum
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first part of lrg intestine
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celi/o
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belly, abdomen
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cephalic version
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baby's head turned toward cervix
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Cerebral Concussion
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temporary brain dysfunction after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours
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Cerebral Contusion
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bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct traumat to the head; neaurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours.
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cheil/o
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lip
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cheilosis
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abnormal condition of facial lips (cracking, etc.)
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chem/o
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drug, chemical
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CHF
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congestive heart failure - heart unable to pump required amount of blood
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cholangi/o
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bile vessel
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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choledoch/o
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common bile duct
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choledocholithotomy
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surgical removal of gallstones from common bile duct
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Choledochus
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Common bile duct; carries bile from lier and gallbladder to duodenum
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cholelithiasis
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condition of gall stones
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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chron/o
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time
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chyme
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mixture of partially digested food and digestive secretions
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cib/o
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meals
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circumcision
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removal of foreskin
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colostomy
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opening into lrg. Intestine
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colpocele
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vagina prolapses
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colpoplasty
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surgical repair of vagina usually because of prolapse
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coma
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in between sleep and waking
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con-
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with, together
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constipation
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push together
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contra-
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against, opposite
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contraindication
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points away from
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cor pulmonale
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failure of the right side of the heart brought on by long-term high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle of the heart.
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coronary
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relating to the heart
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
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blood flow is rerouted through a new artery or vein that is grafted around diseased sections
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cost/o
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rib
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crin/o
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to secrete
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Crohn's disease
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inflammation, ulceration most common in distal ileum
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cryptorchism
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hidden testicles
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CVA
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Cerebrovascular Accident
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D&C
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Dilation and curettage - widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus.
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dactyl/o
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fingers/toes
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de-
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down, lack of
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Deglutition
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Swallowing
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diabetes
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"flow through"
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Diabetes Insipidus
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"Tasteless urine"
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Types 1 and 2; "honeyed urine"
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diarrhea
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flow through
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diastole
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relaxation
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dist/o
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far, distant
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diverticulosis
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diverticula in colon - outpouching of walls or canal of colon
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duct/o
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to lead, carry
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duoden/o
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duodenum - first 12 inches of small intestine)
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duodenum
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first 12 inches of small intestion where most digestion and absorption occurs
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dura mater
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outer layer of meninges
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DVT
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Deep vein thrombosis; blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb. May result in pulmonary embolism (clot travels to lung)
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dys-
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bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
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dysentery
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painful/difficult intestines; contractions so severe, can cause ruptures
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dyslexia
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difficulty with words; usually also accompanied by spatial difficulties
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dyspareunia
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discumfort during intercourse
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dyspepsia
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difficulty digesting
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dysphagia
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dificulty eating; swallowing
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dysplasia
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abnormal growth; can suggest development of cancerous cells
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dyspnea
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painful breathing
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dystocia
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difficult labor
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ec-, ecto-
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out, outside
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eclampsia
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condition of seizures
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ectopic
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out of place
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embolus
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mobile blood clot
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en-, endo-
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in, within
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encephalo
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brain; inside the head
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encephalopathy
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disease of the brain
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endodontist
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specialist for root canals, and dental surgery
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endometriosis
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inflammation of endometrial tissue
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endometrium
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structure that undergoes hyperplasia and sloughing during menstrual cycle
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enterokinase
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enzyme that converts trypsinogen into trypsin
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enuresis
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bed-wetting
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epidural hematoma
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mass of blood above dura mater
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episiotomy
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incision through skin of perineum that enlarges vaginal opening during delivery
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epispadia
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urethra routed to surface of penis
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eructation
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burp
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erythropenia
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defficiency of RBCs
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esophageal achalasia
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spasm of esophagus
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esophageal atresia
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congenital failure of esophagus to develop
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esophageal varices
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hemorrhoids of throat; secondary to liver failure
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essential hypertension
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cause of high blood pressure is unidentifiable
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esthesia
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sensation
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estrogen
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gives rise to a female
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eu-
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good, natural
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eupnea
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normal breathing
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ex-
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out, outside, away from
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extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
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high frequency sound waves directed at kidneys - stones shatter
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faci/o
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face
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fibrillation
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is the rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of the heart muscle
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fimbriae
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finger like projections at end of fallopian tubes
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flatus
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fart
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flex/o
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to bend
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frank blood
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obvious blood in stool; hematochezia; likely ruptured hemorrhage
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furc/o
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forking, branching
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G.E.R.D.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
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galactorrhea
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flow of milk - usually unprompted
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gastrectomy
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surgical procedure to remove portion of stomach
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glioblastoma
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tumor of the brain
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glomerulus
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filtering mechanism in kidney ("ball of string")
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gloss/o
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tongue
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gloss/o
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tongue
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glucosuria
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sugar in urine (may indicate hyperglycemia)
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gon
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seed
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gonorrhea
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"flow of seed"
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gravida
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pregnancy
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gynecomastia
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breasts like a woman
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hematoma
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mass of blood congealed in tissues
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hematuria
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bloody urine
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hemi-
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half
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hemiglossectomy
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removal of half of tongue
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hemoptysis
|
spitting up blood from TB
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hemorrhoid
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varicosity of anal column usually caused by waiting to defecate
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hepatic flexure
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bend of lrg. Intestine on rt. Side - gas trap
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Herpes Zoster
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Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves - shingles
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Huntingtons Chorea
|
Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerbrum leading to abrupt involutary movements and mental deterioration
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hydrocele
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tumor caused by fluid trapped in scrotum
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hydronephrosis
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fluid accumulates in kidney leading to renal failure
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hypalgesia
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deficient pain; refers to individuals whose sensation of pain is blunted
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hyperbilirubinemia
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too much bilirubin in blood
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hyperesthesia
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heightened experience of sensation
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hyperkalemia
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abnormally high levels of potassium in blood; result of renal failure
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hypermesis
|
projectile vomitting
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hypertension
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high blood pressure - starts at 150/90
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hypoglossal
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under back of tongue
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hyponatremia
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abnormally low levels of salt in blood; usually due to advanced kidney disease
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hypospadia
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urethra routed below penis
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hypotension
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low blood pressure - anything below 90/60
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hysterectomy
|
removal of uterus
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iatr/o
|
treatment, physician
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ile/o
|
ileum - third part of the small intestine
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ileocecal volvulus
|
portion of sml intestine wraps around lrg intestine
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ileostomy
|
opening into ileum; can use internal pouch instead of colostomy bag
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ileum
|
third part of sml intestine that absorbs fluids and electrolytes; leads into cecum
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ili/o
|
ilium
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immun/o
|
protection
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in- (incision)
|
into, within
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in- (insomniac)
|
not
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Infarct
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Blood clot; stroke
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infarction
|
area of dead tissue
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infra-
|
beneath, under
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infundibulum
|
cavity formed by fallopian fimbriae
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intra-
|
in, within, into
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intussusception
|
sml intestine telescopes on itself (in newborns)
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involution
|
return of uterus to almost pre-pregnancy size; also changes that occur in vagina during menopause
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isch/o
|
to hold back (eg ischemia: blood supply withheld)
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IVP
|
Intravenous pyelogram - contrast medium for kidney to clear to track
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jejun/o
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jejunum - second part of small intestine
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ketouria
|
ketones in urine
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kinesia
|
movement
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KUB
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Kidneys, ureter and bladder (area)
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labi/o
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lips (can be vaginal lips)
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lapar/o
|
abdomen, abdominal wall
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leptomeninges
|
slender meninges: arachnoid and pia mater; most likely to get meningitis
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lingu/o
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tongue
|
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macro-
|
large
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mal-
|
bad
|
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meatotomy
|
cutting into urethra to clear blockage caused by over acidity?
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meconium aspiration
|
abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool)
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menarche
|
beginning of first menses
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meninges
|
coverings/membranes of brain
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menometrorrhagia
|
profuse menstrual flow during and in between menses
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menorrhea
|
flow of menstrual fluid
|
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meta-
|
change
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meta-
|
beyond, change
|
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metro-
|
uterus
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metrorrhagia
|
bleeding between menstruation - usually due to abnormal condition
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micro-
|
small
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microcephalic
|
sutures fused too soon; can lead to retarded brain growth
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micturition
|
to send the urine; urination
|
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misogynist
|
specialist in difficulty with women
|
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mort/o
|
death
|
|
|
MS - Multiple Sclerosis
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Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
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muc/o
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mucus
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myasthenia gravis (MG)
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autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.
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myel/o
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spinal cord, bone marrow
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myelomeningocele
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herniation of meninges and spinal cord. As long as meninges are in tact, can repair surgically
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myometrium
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muscular structure of uterus
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myx/o
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mucus
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narcolepsy
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seizure of sleep; caused by defect in internal alarm system
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nati-
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birth
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necr/o
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death (of cells or whole body)
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nect/o
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to bind, tie, connect
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neo-
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new
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neonatal
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newborn; 1st four weeks of life
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neoplasm
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new growth; euphemism for cancer
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nephrectomy
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surgical removal of kidney
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nephritis
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inflammation/infection of kidney
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nephrolithiasis
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kidney stones
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nephron
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functional unit of kidney
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nephroptosis
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droopy kidney
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neuralgia
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pain caused by nerve itself; compressed
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neurasthenia
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nervous exhaustion and fatigue; often following depression
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neuroglial cells
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support cells for neurons; do replicate
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neuropathy
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disease of the nervous system; usually compression of a peripheral nerve
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neutr/o
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neutrophil (WBC)
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nocturia
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urination at night
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norm/o
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rule, order
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obstetro
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midwife
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obstipation
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chronic constipation
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obstructive jaundice
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Jaundice caused by a mechanical impediment to the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum.
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occlusion
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closure of blood vesel due to blockage
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occult blood
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tarry stool; digested blood in stool
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odont/o
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tooth
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oliguria
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scanty urine
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onc/o
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tumor
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oophor/o
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ovary
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or/o
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mouth
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orchi
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testicles
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orchiopexy
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surgical procedure to put testes in scrotum; i.e. for boys whose testes don't descend on their own
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oropharyngeal
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back of throat
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orthodontist
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specialist who straightens teeth
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ot/o
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ear
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ox/o
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oxygen
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oxytocia
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rapid labor
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palat/o
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palate
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palatoplasty
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fix cleft palate
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pan-
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all
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panalopecia
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every hair on body falls out
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pancytopenia
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all cells produced by bone marrow are deficient
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para
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live birth
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para-
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abnormal, beside, near
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paranormal
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abnormal normal
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paraplegia
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lower extremities are paralyzed
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paresis
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weakness
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paresthesia
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abnormal sensation
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parotid gland
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salivary gland near ear
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patent
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open
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patent ductus arteriosus
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passsageway between aorta and pulmoary artery remains open after birth.
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ped/o
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child
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percutaneous
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through skin
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Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
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procedure performed to open blocked coronary arteries caused by coronary artery disease
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pericarditis
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inflammation of pericardium; causes pain with every heartbeat
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perimetrium
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structure surrounding uterus
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perimetrium
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structure surrounding uterus
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perineorrhaphy
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repair of episiotomy
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periodontist
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specialist in area surrounding teeth
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peroneum
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Bone occasionally found in the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle (vs perineum which is the space between the genitals and the anus.)
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phag/o
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to eat, swallow
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pharyng/o
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throat
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phimosis
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condition in which foreskin cannot be fully retracted
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phlebotomy
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cutting into a vein
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physiologic jaundice
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aka neonatal jaundice; babies develop when bilirubin levels are too high
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pia mater
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deepest layer of meninges - follows curves of brain
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PID
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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placenta previa
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usually genetic; implantation of placenta over cervical opening or in lower region of uterus
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plas/o
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formation, development
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plegia
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paralysis
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pneumon/o
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lungs
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polio
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bulbar poliomyelitis; infectious inflammation of anterior portion of grey matter of spinal cord
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poly-
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much, many
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polydipsia
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frequent drinking - constant thirst
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polyuria
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frequent urination
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post-
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after, behind
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pre-
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before, in front of
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preeclampsia
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abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure proteinuria, edema and headache
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prepuce
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foreskin
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primigravida
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first pregnancy
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primipara
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first live birth
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proct/o
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anus and rectum
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procto
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rectum and anus
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prodrome
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run ahead; symptom that precedes something (e.g. visual disturbance before migraine
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prolapse
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slide forward
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pseudo-
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false
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pseudocyesis
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false pregnancy
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pulmon/o
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lungs
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pyelo
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holding chamber of kidney; renal pelvis
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pyelolithotomy
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removal of a large calculus (stone) from the renal pelvis
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pyelonephritis
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kidney infection
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pylor/o
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pyloric sphincter
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pyloric sphincter
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sphincter leading from stomach into duodenum of sml. Intestine
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pyloromyotomy
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remove part of muscle around pyloric sphincter in baby
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pyosalpinx
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puss in fallopian tubes
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pyuria
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puss in urine
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radi/o
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x-rays
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radiculitis
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compression of spinal nerver root; most back pain is muscle spasm around the spinal nerves
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radiculo
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spinal nerve root
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ren/o
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kidney
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renal
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referring to kidneys - anatomy
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renal calculus
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kidney stones (old term)
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renal colic
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kidney spasms
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renal ischemia
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blockage of bloodflow in kidneys
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secondary hypertension
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high blood pressure caused by another associated lesion; treatable
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sect/o
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to cut
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seps/o
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infection
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sialaden/o
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salivary gland
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sialolithiasis
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stuck piece of saliva blocking passageway from gland
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sialoptysis
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spitting
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smegma
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accumulation of dead skin and fluids around vagina and penis
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spermolytics
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something used to kill sperm
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sphyg
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pulse
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sphygmomanometer
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manually measure the pulse
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spina bifida
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vertebral column not in tact; usually also affects meninges
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splenic flexure
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bend of lrg. Intestine on lft. Side - gas trap
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staphyl/o
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clusters
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status epilepticus
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one seizure leads into another
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steatorrhea
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not enough bile; fat can't be digested; stool is white and fatty
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stethoscope
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device to listen to chest
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sthenia
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strength
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stomat/o
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mouth
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strept/o
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twisted chains
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subarachnoid layer
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Where CSF flows between archnoid and pia mater
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subdural hematoma
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mass of blood under dura mater; will result in slow degradation in level of consciousness
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sublingual
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under front of tongue
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sublingual gland
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salivary gland under front of tongue
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submandibular gland
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salivary gland under jaw
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supra-
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above, upper
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syn-, sym-
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together, with
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syncop/o
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to cut of; cut short - usually used to refer to fainting; cutting off oxygen supply to brain
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syndactyly
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bones of fingers fuse
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syndrome
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signs and symptoms that run together
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tachy-
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fast
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tachycardia
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rapid heartbeat
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tachypnea
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fast breathing
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tamponade
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compression of the heart that occurs when blood or fluid builds up in the space between the myocardium (heart muscle) and the pericardium (outer covering sac of the heart)
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tardive dyskinesia
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difficulty moving; most commonly side affect of medication such as thorazine
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tax
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order; coordination
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teratogen
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causes birth defects
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teratoma
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tumor that forms in ovaries or testes and is usually composed of bits of hair, teeth, etc. "Monster Tumor"
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testicular torsion
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twisting of spermatic cord
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testosterone
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main androgen
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thalamus
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"chamber"; filter for everything that goes into and comes out of cerebral cortex (except smell); allows you to ignore what isn't important
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the/o
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to put, place
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thecal
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sheeth; used to refer to spinal cord
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TIA
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Transient Ischemic Attack - short episode of neurologic dysfunction
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top/o
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place, position, location
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tox/o
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poison
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trigone
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triangular region at base of bladder where ureters enter and urethra exits
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trypsinogen
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precursor of enzyme to digest protein
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tubular
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tubules of kidney - problems usually associated with drugs or trauma
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turbid urine
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cloudy urine
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Ulcerative Colitis
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Inflammation and ulceration most common in ascending colon
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ultra-
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beyond, excess
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ur/o
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urinary tract, urine
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ureteroileostomy
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re-reoute ureter to ileum
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urinary meatus
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opening of UB to urethra
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vagus
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"wander" - vagus nerve: carries messages to and from neck, chest and abdoment
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varicocele
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cluster of veins near testicle
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vascul/o
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vessel
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vasectomy
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surgical procedure to cut the vas deferns
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vasovasostomy
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attempt to reverse vasectomy
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VCUG
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Voiding cystourethralgram; record of urinary bladder and urethra while urinating
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ven/o
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veins
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venipuncture
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puncture of vein - threading a catheter
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ventricle
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lower chamber of the heart
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vesicoureteral reflux
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valves at ureters fail and urea travels back up ureters
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volvulus
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intestine twists on itself and causes blockage; peristalsis may reverse
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