Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What factors encouraged exploration?
|
-The desire to grow rich and spread Christianity
-Advances in sailing technology |
|
How did the "spirit of the renaissance" contribute to exploration?
|
-merchants had power
-wanted to increase knowledge of lands -spread religion |
|
How does the phrase " God, gold, and glory" summarize the Europeans' motives for exploration?
|
-to spread the word of God
-to get riches -o be glorified for explorations |
|
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
|
-A treaty written by Pope Alexander VI
-Between Spain and Portugal -Drew line (line of demarcation) -All lands to east for Portugal -all lands to west for Spain |
|
How did the treaty of Tordesillas ease tensions between Spain and Portugal?
|
-Stopped rivalry between Spain and Portugal
-Kept peace |
|
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas reveal about Europeans' attitudes toward non-European lands and peoples.
|
-Treated lands and people as property and not human beings
-Believed they owned them |
|
How did European Domination of the Indian Ocean trade eventually impact Europeans back home?
|
-goods from India were less expensive
-More Europeans could afford them |
|
Why did so many nations rush to establish trading posts in India?
|
-cheaper good from the east
-increase trade -get rich |
|
How were the Dutch able to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean?
|
-became leading sea power (20,000 ships)
-had help from the English -Dutch East India Trading Company was richer and more powerful so they drove English out and had dominance over India |
|
How did the arrival of Europeans affect the peoples of the East in general?
|
-Influence rarely spread beyond the ports into countries' interiors
-Peoples of Asia remained largely unnaffected |
|
Who was Bartolomeu Dias?
|
-Portuguese explorer
-Sailed around southern tip of Africa |
|
Who was Prince Henry?
|
-Portuguese
-Founded navigation school -Took lead in overseas exploration |
|
Who was Vasco da Gama?
|
-Portuguese explorer
-sailed around Africa to the Port of Calicut in India |
|
What was the Dutch East India Company?
|
-Dutch's trading company with India
|
|
How was Spain affected by colonization of the Americas?
|
-more land
-increased trade -more money |
|
How were Native Americans affected by colonization?
|
-disease
-slavery -wars and death |
|
Who was Christopher Columbus?
|
-Spanish explorer
-Sailed west and discovered the Americas and Caribbean islands |
|
What is a colony?
|
Lands controlled by another nation.
|
|
Who was Hernando Cort'es?
|
-Spanish explorer
-landed in Mexico -conquered Aztecs |
|
Who were the conquistadors?
|
Spanish explorers who explored and conquered the new world
|
|
Who was Montezuma II?
|
-Aztec emperor
-Believed Cortes was a god |
|
Who was Francisco Pizzaro?
|
-Spanish Conquistador
-Conquered the Incas |
|
What is a Mestizo?
|
A mixed Spanish and Native American.
|
|
What was the Encomienda?
|
A labor system forcing natives to work for the Spanish landlords.
|
|
Who was Pop'e?
|
-A pueblo leader
-led a revolt in 1680 -17000 men vs. Spanish -drove Spanish out for 12 years -Then was conquered |
|
Why were France's North American holdings so sparsely settled?
|
-Had no desire to build towns or raise families
-fur trade -more concentrated on making money |
|
How did the colonies of Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay differ?
|
-Jamestown was founded to find gold rather than plant crops so people died of starvation and disease
-Men were mostly single -Massachusetts Bay had families meant to reproduce -Began to farm and had plenty of food |
|
How were the Dutch and French colonies different from the English colonies of North America?
|
-Dutch and French established as trading colonies with low population
-English was to settle people and start a new world |
|
What made it possible for the Dutch and French to coexist in relative peace with the Native American?
|
-Dutch and French had no intentions to take land
-traded with Native Americans |
|
Why did issues of land and religion cause such conflict between the Native Americans and English settlers?
|
-English seized more land with growing population
-misunderstandings over religion -Puritans viewed Natives as Heathens and vise versa |
|
What may have been one reason the English Eventually defeated the French in North America?
|
-English had more people
-were backed by British army |
|
What was New France?
|
France's colonial empire in Northern America.
|
|
What was Jamestown?
|
England's first colony in North America.
|
|
What were pilgrims?
|
-sought religious freedon
-founded second English colony at Plymouth in Massachusetts |
|
What are puritans?
|
-sought religious freedom
-Founded colony near Massachusetts Bay |
|
What was New Netherland?
|
The Dutch holdings in North America.
|
|
What was the French and Indian War?
|
The war between the British and the French on the North American Continent.
|
|
Who was Metacom (King Philip)?
|
-Native American Ruler
-Led attack on 52 colonial villages |
|
What were some characteristics of Muslim and African slavery?
|
-slaves had legal rights and opportunity for social mobility
-slaves were able to occupy positions of influence and power -some had slaves of there own -could escape their bondage -sons and daughters of slaves were free |
|
What advantages did Europeans see in enslaving Africans?
|
-Africans had been exposed to European diseases and were immune
-had experience in farming -had little knowledge of the land so they were less likely to escape |
|
Why did many African rulers participate in the Atlantic Slave trade?
|
-no different to them than selling to Muslims and African rulers
-got gold guns and other goods |
|
What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa?
|
-cultures lost generations of young
-families were torn apart -firearms helped spread war |
|
What were the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas?
|
-free labor that helped economies grow
-brought farming expertise -brought their culture |
|
What was the Atlantic slave trade?
|
The buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas.
|
|
What was Triangular Trade?
|
A transatlantic trade route
-Manufactured goods to west Africa -Captured Africans to West Indies -sugar coffee and tobacco back to Europe |
|
What was the middle passage?
|
The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies and later to North and South America.
|
|
What region in the Americas imported the most Africans?
|
Brazil
|
|
What region in the Americas imported the second most Africans?
|
Present United States
|
|
How many slaves were transported to the Americas?
|
9.5 Million
|
|
Why was the Columbian Exchange considered a significant event?
|
-foods kept people healthy
-boosted world population |
|
What was harmful about the Columbian Exchange?
|
Brought disease such as smallpox and measles to Native Americans
|
|
Who benefited the most from the Columbian Exchange?
|
Europeans
|
|
What role did colonies play in the policy of mercantilism?
|
-provided silver and gold
-provided raw materials such as wood and fur -played role of supplier -provided a market |
|
What was the Columbian Exchange?
|
The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.
|
|
What was commercial revolution?
|
A wave of new business and trade practice in Europe during the 16th and 17th century.
|
|
What is capitalism?
|
Economic system based on private ownership.
|
|
What was the joint-stock company?
|
A number of people pooling their wealth for a common purpose.
|
|
What is mercantilism?
|
Belief that a country's power depended on its wealth.
|
|
What was the favorable balance of trade?
|
A trade in which a country sold more goods than it bought.
|