Western Civs. Ch 12

Front 1

Italian Renaissance

Back 1

~Moving Crusading Armies - revived trade & shippin in Italy
~Lomabrds settled new cities in central Italy & combined German Energy with Roman Learning.

Front 2

Francesco Sforza

Back 2

Duke/Chief of a mercenaries army; too over Milan with his army

Front 3

Oligarchy

Back 3

Florence is ruled by the few

Front 4

Cosim de'Medici

Back 4

international banker in Florence

Front 5

Monarchy

Back 5

King has all the prosperity in Maples

Front 6

Machiavelli

Back 6

wrote The Prince: "in order to get things done, do what is necessary"

Front 7

Petrarch

Back 7

started the humanism and develop sonnets

humanist: person who look to the past and use history to present in the modern future.

Front 8

Education

Back 8

~Belief that education changes humans
~Help Prepares for a better life

Front 9

Johannes Gutenberg 1445

Back 9

invented the printing press; invented a movable use of type metal to make copies; By 1500, 1000 printships and 9 million books

Front 10

Giotto

Back 10

artist who made perspective concepts very important

Front 11

Masaccio

Back 11

use light and shade to make pictures realistic

Front 12

Botticelli

Back 12

poetic vision; create things whatever in his mind

Front 13

Greatest artist of the Renaissance(TMNT)

Back 13

Micheangelo, Leornado de Vinci, Donatello, Raphael

Front 14

Cellini

Back 14

Made a lot of salt sellers;
famous for his autobiographical book about his life in the Renaissance

Front 15

Erasmus

Back 15

wrote IN PRAISE OF FOLLY; monk who brought a lot about the Renaissance into the modern society

Front 16

Thomas More

Back 16

English who wrote UTOPIA about the Perfect of everything in life.

Front 17

Cervantes

Back 17

wrote DON QUIXOTE- about an old who set an example ignoring things that are goin on. mocks the Spaniards

Front 18

William Shakespeare

Back 18

"Renaissance Man"; greatest English writer b/c of his sonnets, comedies/tragic drama plays

Front 19

Durer

Back 19

German who wrote "ADORATION OF THE MAGI"; famous for the wood carving of the PRAISING HANDS

Front 20

Holbein

Back 20

Switzerland man who painted famous people to be recognized for history

Front 21

Van Eyck-

Back 21

Netherland man who invented oil paint.

Front 22

Madrigal

Back 22

invented to combine poem with music

Front 23

Text painting

Back 23

use to put words into pictures so that ican follow along with the music

Front 24

John Wycliff

Back 24

established Lollards;

a)Bible is sole authority on religion not the Pope
b)Bible must be in the language of the people
c)Reject ritual not in the Bible

Front 25

John Huss

Back 25

started Hussites;
a)Remove corrupt clergy
b)stop taking the peoples land

Front 26

Council of Constance

Back 26

a)Huss given safe conduct to explain his ideas
b)Hussite wars in Bohemia

Front 27

Reform of the Church

Back 27

Authority of Church is taken from Pope and Given to Church councils

Front 28

Renaissance papacy

Back 28

~Borgia Family -took control of the popes for a while; put politics in front of Church
~Church offices sold.

Front 29

Ottoman Turks

Back 29

hired as mercenaries; took over the Muslim world.

Front 30

New Sultan

Back 30

inherits all the lords and knights money.

Front 31

Memet II

Back 31

1453 Sultan; took Constantinople by hiring Christians gunmakers to built the largest gun machine.

Front 32

Janissaries

Back 32

Memet called his Christian soldiers this.

Front 33

War of the Roses in England

Back 33

a)Red Rose- Lancaster
b)White Rose- York
c)Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth Field that ended the war.
d)Henry VIII Restores Power to England
***1)Court of the Star Chamber ends Civil War
***2)Only English could Trade in England
***3)No Jews could live in England
***4)No Wars, low taxes

Front 34

Catholic Methods of Reformation

Back 34

Indulgences, Relics, to Mary & Saints

Front 35

Mystikal Movement

Back 35

1)Pray directly to God
2)Follw the teachings of Christ

Front 36

Martin Luther

Back 36

A)Church Lawyer & monk; taught Bible at Wittenberg University.
B)Catholic belief: Salvation by faith & Good Works
C)Luther found in Romans, "Man is saved by faith in the promises of God." And Bible is sole authority of all religious ideas.
D)New Pope Leo had sale on indulgences to rebuilt St. Peter in Rome.
1)Tetzel sold them
2)Luther protested by nailing 95 theses on Church door in Rittenburg.

Front 37

Edict of Worms

Back 37

where the Church went over to explain Luther's Ideas from his Pamphlets.

Front 38

Spread of Reformation

Back 38

Printing Press spread by Luther Pamphlets.
~~~Luther (1522) Forms his church
1)Trains preachers to debate priests in Church.
2)Music spread ideas
3)Pope is taxing Germany

Front 39

John Calvin

Back 39

believe in predistination that "God is your father" Gods already know your destination ."

Front 40

Council of Trent

Back 40

where Catholic Reformation was held; Church councils restated church Beliefs.

Front 41

Society of Jesus(Jesuits)

Back 41

monks who wore black; 2nd Catholic Reformation.

Front 42

Ignatius Loyola

Back 42

founder of Jesuits; must be educated first, or by force as secondary.

Front 43

Sulieman

Back 43

took hungary; destroys Muslims. Attack Vienna capital of Austria

Front 44

Marco Polo

Back 44

took a trip by land to China; in charged of paper money there; wrote books about his adventures;

Front 45

Age of Discovery

Back 45

*After 1440, China abadoned long range sea travel.
*Muslims cut off overland trade so a new sea route to Asia mus be found.

Front 46

Prince Henry "the Navigator"

Back 46

started schools for navigators; established new inventions for navigations

Front 47

New Renaissance inventions:

Back 47

compass, astrolabe, grid maps, rudders, triangle sails, cannon.

Front 48

Da Gama

Back 48

1st man to sail around Africa to Asia. Founded India; brought back black pepper and sugarcane.

Front 49

Columbus (OCT 12 1942)

Back 49

discovered the "New World" who he thought was the east coast of Asia.

Front 50

Cortes

Back 50

goes to Mexico and found Aztec and defeated them till there were 500 left.

Front 51

Pizarro

Back 51

took his own expdition and conquered Incas; became ruler of SOuth America

Front 52

Goa

Back 52

Portugese colony that was established in India

Front 53

Indonesia

Back 53

established by Portugese colony

Front 54

Macao

Back 54

Portugese Conly in China

Front 55

Japan

Back 55

did not want other European trades except gunds

Front 56

Huguentos

Back 56

French prostesntst

Front 57

Catherine de Medici

Back 57

Queen of France; said it was intorable to have all Huguenots int the city so she ordered to massacre them which called Bartholomew's Day massacre.
**sent body guards to killed 10,000 prostestants in Paris

Front 58

Edict of Nantes

Back 58

Henry IV passed this to make Prostenstants legally free. ended the religious massacre war.

Front 59

Duke of Alva

Back 59

King who was sent to control the Netherlands; rule the country by the Council of Blood which executing the nobles that cause them to rebelled.

Front 60

William of Nassau

Back 60

(Prince of Orange)- led the rebellion of the nobles towards the Council of Blood.

Front 61

Henry VIII

Back 61

man who took England out of Catholic Church so he can be divorced, but was not authorized; instead he made himself the head of Church.

Front 62

Edward VI

Back 62

Henry VIII's son; he replace the Catholic prayer's book and sacraments into Prostentants.

Front 63

Mary I (Tudor)

Back 63

"Bloody Mary"; Catholic who try to force people to go to a mass by his troops or else be slaughtered; rebelled against the Queen; cut her head; married Philip II;

Front 64

Elizabeth I

Back 64

release from jail to being a Queen; Philip II wants to marry her;
```1588-English defeats Spanish Armada: aftermath- England took control over the Ocean and Colonization.

Front 65

Inflation

Back 65

money lose its values; caused by Indian Gold & silver;
**food prices and taxes went up the fastest;
**wages rose little
**Dutch Began to take over European & world trade
~~~~Flyute - invented as new kind ship carrying supplies, has flat bottoms and cheaper
~~~~National Bank - important for exchange rate when it come to trade
~~~~Joint-stock companies - one company is divided in different other shares and people can still their shares and still make money for the main corporation.
~~~~Banking moved from Italy & South Germany to Ansterdam

Front 66

African Slave trade

Back 66

Overland control Muslim
Portugese buys from Benin
England buys from Ashanti

Front 67

Mercantilism

Back 67

old fashioned philosophy about economic ; trading weapons for gold & silver.

Front 68

Thirt Years war

Back 68

Bohgemian Phase:
1)Meetin in Bohemia to create an army
2)Catholic League Gen. Tilly defeats Bohemia

DANISH PHASE:
1)King Christian IV defeats Tilly
2)Albrect Wallenstein(businessman) raised new army by using advertising to attract soldiers.

SWEDISH PHASE:
1)Gustavus Adolphus defeats Wallenstein

FRENCH PHASE:
1)Chardinal Richelieu - Run France; brought the French army to Prostentanst and charged at the Catholic at the Battle of Rocroi
2) Battle of Rocroi - French Defeat the Catholic army ending with a draw

Front 69

Peace of Westpalia

Back 69

sys "every prince in Europe will choose thier own religion & thier people would joined in"

Front 70

Military Revolution

Back 70

-Prostestants had less money & less men. so used guns to fight soldiers with Pikes
-Calvary used pistols & thin swords
-Gustavus Adolphus used light cannons.

Front 71

Baroque Art

Back 71

- art introduced in the Church to get people back in CHurch.

Front 72

Philip II of Spain

Back 72

lives in his tomb, whe he died, he wanted to be buried in it.