Western Civilization I Clep

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Minoan civilization

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The Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately 2000 to 1450 BC

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Mycenaean

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Mycenaean Greece refers to the last phase of the Bronze Age in Ancient Greece (c. 1600–1100 BC). It represents the first advanced civilization in mainland Greece, with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art and writing system. Destroyed by "The Sea People"

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What caused Population to decrease in the Dark Ages?

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Famine and the Black Death

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Where did the Greeks sail and settle?

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They sailed the Aegean Sea and Settled in Asia Minor.

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What material did the Greeks used for tool making?

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Iron

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Greek language is based on...

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Phoenician alphabet

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Epic Poems

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Taught values such as courage and honor.

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Polis

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A Greek city state

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Who seized power from Greek aristocrats?

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Tyrants

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Tyrant

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Authoritarian with absolute power sometimes brought in to settle disputes

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Oligarchy

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a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

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What kept city-states divided?

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Citizens loyalty and strong identity.

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What did Greek citizens have?

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Defined rights and responsibilities

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What period was the Persian War?

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Classical (the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC)

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Hellenistic Period

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The Hellenistic period is the period of ancient Greek and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC

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Center of Greek civilization

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Athens

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Pericles

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promoted the arts and literature; He started an ambitious project that generated Acropolis (including the Parthenon). Pericles also fostered Athenian democracy

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Peloponnesian war

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(431–404 BC)Greek war fought by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.

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Oracles

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Used by Greeks to understand the will of the gods.

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Aristotle

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384 – 322 BC Greek philosopher and scientist born in the Macedonian city of Stagira, Student of Plato. Tutored Alex the Great.

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Socrates

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469-399 B.C. Taught Plato, Used a style of teaching which asked questions to students so they could come to their own understanding. He was convicted of corrupting youth and sentenced to death by drinking hemlock.

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Plato

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348/347 BCE a philosopher, as well as mathematician, Student of Socrates and teacher to Aristotle. Established U of Athens, first higher learning in West.

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Philip II

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King of Macedon, Father of Alex the Great

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Rome's ruling class

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Patricians

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In Rome who was responsible for for electing chief officials and passing laws?

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Centuriate assembly

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Rome's 1st code of laws

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12 Tables

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led Roman armies into battle and ran the govt

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Consuls

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Hannibal

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Greatest Carthage General, defeated at the battle of Zama

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First Roman emperor

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Octavian

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Who founded Christian communities in Asia Minor and along the Aegean Sea

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Simon Peter

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Who divided the empire into 4 units?

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Diocletian

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Who was the emporer when Roman Empire fell?

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Romulus Augustulus

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The last to sack Rome before Romulus Augustulus was deposed and the Western Roman Empire fell.

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Vandals

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Why did leaders call for land reforms?

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When Senate came to power, small farmers could no longer compete and became landless poor

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Julius Caesar

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A general who marched on Rome with his troops, and eventually he was declared dictator

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What is a Roman Emperor?

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Augustus

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Who proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity?

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Constantine

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What emperor adopted Christianity as the official religion of Rome?

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Theodosius the Great

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What 2 emperors restored at least temporary stability to the empire ?

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Diocletian and Constantine

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What 2 tribes sacked the Rome?

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Visigoths and Vandals

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What contributed to an increase in food production and population growth during the Middle Ages?

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Climate change, a heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare, three-field system of crop rotation

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What prompted monks to form the Cistercians?

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A desire for greater discipline

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A dispute over _____ led to the Great Schism of the Church.

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Taxation of the clergy

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Under the ______ lords owned agricultural estates worked by free peasants and by serfs

manorial system

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Manorial system

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Who sought to remove secular influence from the Catholic Church and improve the Church's ability to provide spiritual guidance?

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Pope Gregory VII

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What barred monarchs from investing bishops?

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Concordat of Worms

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In what centuries did building boom produced many new churches?

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11th and 12th

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Who The best-known practitioner of scholasticism?

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St. Thomas Aquinas

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Which city-states play a central role in the politics of Renaissance Italy?

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Florence, Milan, and Venice

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Executed thousands over a 12-month period.

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Committee of Public Safety