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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WESTERN CIVILIZATION: ORIGIN |
-Began in Europe based on Greco-Roman civilization -Still exist -Started in 8th century AD/16th century AD; after end of European Middle Ages (5th-6th cent AD). -Other terms: West or Western, Modern and European |
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ORIGIN II |
-Diff definitions - based on diff criteria |
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ORIGIN III |
-Criteria if Western Civilization: → European descendants → Developed/Industrialized European states → Western ideologies → Christianity -Religion wasn't the driving force behind the Western civilization (even viewed as obstacle towards progress) -Separation of church and state -The rise of Western civilization followed byYa series of events in Europe |
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EUROPEAN HISTORY |
-Middle/Dark/Medieval Ages -The Age of Reformation -The Age of Renaissance -The Age of Discovery and Expansion -The Age of Discovery and Expansion -The Age of Enlightenment -Industrial Revolution -The Age of Nationalism -Scientific Revolution -The Age of French Revolution -Romanticism |
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EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGE |
5th-16th century AD (500-1500AD) - after the fall of the Western Roman Empire -Characterized by intellectual stagnation, famines, economic depression, plagues (Black Death), wars (The Hundred Years War), the Crusades -the Black Death killed 25%-50% of European population -the Hundred Years War (England vs. France) -Supremacy of the church -Roman Catholic Church as spiritual head of Christendom & had authority overall European secular rulers -Feudal systems -Inequalities, injustices, suppression of the poor, slavery and serfdom -Feudal society : clergy, nobility, commoners |
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THE AGE OF RENAISSANCE |
-1350-1550 AD (14TH-15TH AD) -In Italy - Italian Renaissance -The Age of Rebirth - a rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization -The Age of Recovery - from the disaster of the 14th century -A period of significant political economic, artistic and intellectual change. |
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THE AGE OF REFORMATION |
16th cent AD - Began in Germany Martin Luther : a German prof in theology A religious movement, known as Protestant Movement Challenged the aurhority of the Roman Catholic Church Resulted in the division of Western Christendom Luther unsatisfied w Catholic traditional practise of confession |
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THE AGE OF REFORMATION II |
The Bible as the sole authority in religious affairs - no need for traditions & decrees of the Church A hierarchical priesthood was unnecessary since all Christians who followed the word of God were their own priests. Spread to other European states England, France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavian states Lutheranism, Zwinglianism, Calvinism, Anabaptists Organized reformed churches The use of music to teach Bible |
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THE AGE OF REFORMATION III |
Abolished monasticism and clerical celibacy Rejected veneration of relics and saints, and pilgrimages Replaced w individual prayer, family worship & collective prayer & worship on Sunday Important impact on edu in Europe - edu for the public Established Protestant secondary schools & universities |
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THE AGE OF DISCOVERY AND EXPANSION |
-Began in late 15th cent -A transition of Europe from Agrarian economy to a commercial & industrial capitalistic system -Reasons for expansion → Economic reason → Religious reason (Portugal and Spain) → Achieved a level of wealth & techno (maps, weapons and vessels) → Gilory & prestige -Portugal & Spain, followed by Netherlands, France & England |
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THE AGE OF DISCOVERY AND EXPANSION II |
-Impact on Europe : new land, riches & social advancement -The increase of European trade - led to a new era of commercial capitalism & world economy -Reinforced Christians Europe's belief in the inherent superiority of European civilization. |
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THE AGE OF DISCOVERY & EXPANSION III |
Also increased rivalries among European states. Impact on the conquered people - the establishment of European institution, religion, language & culture (especially on Native American civilization) Intro by Europeans of animals (horses & sheep) & crops (wheat) |
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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION |
16th-17th century Led to a secular, rational & materialistic perspectives - characterized modern Western mentality Challenged traditional Christian views of the universe By 17th cent, the spread of scientific knowledge in European universities Royal & princely patronage of individual scientists The emergence of scientific society |
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THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT |
18th Century Enlightenment - accepting new philosophical ideas based on the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution -means rejection of traditional Christianity The emergence of Secularism A movement by philosophers & intellectuals advocating d application of scientific methods to d understanding all life |
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THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT II |
The use of reason (rational & scientific way of thinking) NATURAL LAW, HOPE & PROGRESS Had a widespread impact on European society |
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THE AGE OF FRENCH REVOLUTION |
Late 18th & 19th cent 1789 -Paris - Attack on Bastille - led to French Revolution A turning point in European political & social history The abolition of old regime & institutions & the establishment of a new order in Europe. -individual rights, representative institutions & loyalty to nation |
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THE AGE OF FRENCH REVOLUTION II |
In line w the French Revolution slogan Liberty, Equality, & Fraternity Inspired by the American Revolution (War of Independence) - Bill of Rights - & due to inequality rights in French society, economic/financial probs Ended w the abolition of French monarchy |
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THE AGE OF FRENCH REVOLUTION III |
The Declaration of the Rights of Man & the Citizens (1789) 'Men are born & remain free & equal in rights; the govs must protect these natural rights, & that political power is derived from the people' -The ideas were disseminated by Napoleon Bonaparte through his European expansion (1799-1815) |
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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION |
Late 18th- early 19th cent Began in Britain, spread to European continent & the New World (America) Transformed the economic & social structure of Europe Traditional, labor-intensive economy based on farming & handicrafts → capital-intensive economy, based on manufacturing |
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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION II |
Witnessed a quantum leap in industrial production - due to a new sources of energy & power,(power machinery, factories, overseas markets) Mass movements of people from countryside → urban areas Led to a search for new sources of raw materials & new markets A revolution in transportation; railroads & locomotives The creation of a wealthy industrial middle class & a huge industrial working class (proletariat) Negative effects |
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ROMANTICISM |
Literary arts; poetry - the direct expression of one's soul Visual arts, music Believed that states & societies evolved thru time & that each people had a spirit (Geist) that made him unique Some emphasized greatly on nature - identifying the forces of nature w God |
