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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PALEOLITHIC
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• (-10,000 BC)
• (stone tools, cave art, hunter gather economy.) |
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NEOLITHIC
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•(10,000 BC - 3,100 BC)
•(agriculture, domestication of animals, permanent dwellings, tools) |
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BRONZE AGE
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•(3,100 BC - 1,200 BC)
•(cities, urbanism, long distance trade, commerce, writing system) |
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IRON AGE I
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•(1200-100 BC)
•(Hittites, Philistines, Sea People, Phoenicians) |
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IRON AGE II
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•(1000-500 BC)
•(Fall of Assyria, Babylon, Northern Israel) |
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PYRAMID
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Tomb for the Pharaohs of Egypt; originally trend in Upper Egypt; contained statuary offerings and all the pharaohs needed in the afterlife.
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MENES
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United Upper and Lower Egypt in 3,100 BCE; founded the dynasty of Egypt.
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PHARAOH
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A king who is also a God; his capital was at Memphis; maat - an ideal of order, justice and truth.
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DJOSER
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The first king to construct a pyramid tomb; six-step pyramid of hardstone.
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HIEROGLYPHICS
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Greek name for Egyptian writing; the writing was often used to engrave holy texts on monuments
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HEBREW
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Monotheistic; believed God created nature, was infinite, compassionate, condemned idolatry, was created in the image of man, and was sinless.
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FAR EASTERN (PAGAN) RELIGIONS
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Polytheistic; believed God was a part of nature, born by other Gods, was finite (limited in knowledge and power), no fellowship of man, morally tempted and corruptible, and needed food.
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HYKSOS (DYNASTY 15)
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"Chiefs of foreign lands"; ruthless invaders from parts unknown; Amorites from the Levant; occupied Egypt for 1000 years until expelled in a process started by Kamose.
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ASSYRIANS
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Controlled the northern Kingdom of Israel after being torn in two; lived in Assur; spoke a Semitic language; Culture heavily influenced by Babylonians; rule became too big to govern and the Medes and Babylonians destroy the Assyrians.
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BABYLONIANS
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Controlled the southern Kingdom of Israel after being torn in two. Babylon greatest city of the world
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ACHILLES
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The hero of the Iliad (Trojan War), refuses to fight in battle, allowing his fellow Greeks to be slain and defeated, because Agamemnon has wounded his honor by taking away his prize; returns not as a sense of duty, but to avenge Patroclus.
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HOMER
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Author of the Iliad and Odyssey; cremated instead of buried; worship Gods in temples, and have chariots but do not know how to utilize them in warfare; kings consulted consuls; only nobleman spoke in council; society divided into classes.
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GREEK TYRANT
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Monarch who had gained power in an unorthodox or unconstitutional way who exercised a strong one-man rule that might be beneficial and popular; chairmen of the poor people.
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GREEK POLISES
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Political organization of the Greek state; no organization, every city-state is governed by its own accord; agricultural village-town. Normally included an agora (marketplace and civic center); Originally meant citadel- elevated rock farmers of neighboring area could retreat during attack.
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ATHENS
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Naval-powered; revered for its philosophers, mathematicians, artists, etc; Acropolis-famous citadel; Cities not united in polis until 7th century; Attica
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SPARTA
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Land-powered; known for just fighting; Located on the Peloponneus, south peninsula of Greece; launched a war with Messenia about 725 bc; Two kings; limited power by law; rivalry between royal houses
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BATTLE OF MARATHON
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The Athenians chose to resist the Persian and Hippias force bearing down on them and risk destruction like Eretia. The Athenians won, instilling a sense of confidence and pride.
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MILTIADES
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Who led Athens to meet the Persians in the Battle of Marathon?
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BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE
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Persians invaded with 157,000 people, 300 Spartans and 700 Athenians. Xeres attacked, and the Greek butchered his men. On third day, Persian were shown a trail that allowed a surprise attack of the Greeks; Greek withdrew and Persian army moved to Attica and burned Athens.
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FIRST PUNIC WAR (PAGE 101)
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(264-241 BCE) War on Sicily stalemate until Romans built fleet to cut off supplies to Carthages at the western end of Sicily; Carthages attempted to rebel with their own fleet, but was destroyed; Carthage signed a treaty to forfeit Sicily but rebellion began once more.
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SECOND PUNIC WAR (PAGE 101)
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(218-202 BCE) Rome took Sardinia from Carthage, interfered with Spain, Led by Hannibal, they defeated the Romans at the Ticinus River. Butchered 50,000 Romans in the Battle of Cannae in 216 BCE.
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CARTHAGINIAN GENERAL HANNIBAL
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Defeated Romans in the Second Punic War; Butchered 50,000 Romans in the Battle of Cannae; crossed the Alps in 216 BCE.
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ROMAN GENERAL SCIPIO
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Roman appointed; later called Africanus; at 25 years old, conquered most of Spain and deprived Hannibal aid from that region; In 204 BC, landed in Africa and force Carthages to a peace, withdrawing Hannibal and army from Italy.
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BATTLE OF ZAMA
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Scipio and Hannibal faced off; Roman victory.
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ALEXANDER THE GREAT
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Son of Philip; never lost a battle or failed in a siege; Died in Babylon from a fever in 323 BC; defeated Persian opposition at Granicus River.
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HELLENISTIC WORLD
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Time between the death of Alexander the Great and the consolidation of Egypt after the Battle of Actium; cosmopolitan civilization, established under Macedonians, combined aspect of Greek and Middle Eastern cultures.
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PATRICIANS
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Upper class of the Roman society that had all authority.
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PLEBIANS
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Lower class of the Roman society.
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CAESAR - CLEOPATRA
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Had one child with Cleopatra and was assassinated because they believed he intended to create a half-breed to take over the throne.
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MARC ANTHONY - CLEOPATRA
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Cleopatra married Marc Anthony and bore four children; both committed suicide.
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ROMAN EMPEROR CONSTANTINE
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United the empires; supported Christianity; created Constantinople;
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BIRTH OF CHRISTIANITY
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Occurred in first century Rome under than the rule of Octavian.
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DARK AGES
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400 years after the fall of Rome;
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ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
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Portugese behind the start of it.
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SUGAR IN THE NEW WORLD
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#1 Cash crop in the new world; Tobacco is a distant second
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JUSTIANIAN I
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Byzantine emperor; created a law code which was codified in encyclopedia (digest); still in print and all western laws are based upon this.
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BLACK PLAGUE
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Wiped out 2.3 of the population, was transmitted from rats and fleas.
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BIRTH OF ISLAM
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•Muhammad - challenged Arab religion and threatened economy.
•Qu'ran: Hadith -commentary of the Qu'Ran |
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CRUSADES
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Campaigns established by the church to combat heresies and rival faiths; established commercial ties and trade; Jerusalem captivated; Seljuk Turk slaughter 3,000 in Palestine; Venetian persuade crusaders to assault.
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MARTIN LUTHER
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Nailed 95 Theses to the doors of the Catholic Churches as well as indulges.
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HENRY VIII
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Converted England to the Protestant faith; divorced Anne Bolin and converted England to Protestant as a consequence.
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JAMES
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Establish permanent colony in the New World (Jamestown); commissioned the King James Bible.
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ROBIN HOOD
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Thief; robbed from the rich, given to the poor.
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MICHELANGELO
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The sculpture of David (harmony, symmetry, and proper proportion) mannerism
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DA VINCI
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The Vitruvian Man; advocated scientific experiment; dissected corpses for anatomy, self taught botanist.
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MONGOLS
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Led by Geghis Khan who unified Mongolian tribes and controlled 22% of the world's land surface; incorporated the soldiers and engineers of the people conquered.
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KING ARTHUR
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predate robin hood; legendary knight; survived fall of Rome; pulled sword from stone and created round time
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