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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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agricultural revolution
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worked hand in hand w/ the industrial revolution
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Jethro Tull
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invented seed drill, drill into the soil and planted the seed
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new crops, new tools
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increases agricultural output
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industrial revolution
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worked hand in hand w/ the agricultural revolution • Cotton(example): Harvest raw cotton: clean the cotton: spin the cotton into threads: weave the threads into fabric
• The weave part is accelerated by the Flying shuttle John Kay • The spin part is accelerated by the “spinning Jenny” compound spinning wheel • Short staple cotton, cotton that had thorns in it • In 1792- In America Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin |
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prerequisites, new machines
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• Be in a territory w/ natural resources (coal, iron ore)
• Capital- and ambitious men • Stable gov. • Transportation |
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J. Hargreaves-
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invented the "spinning jenny"
• The spin part is accelerated by the “spinning Jenny” compound spinning wheel |
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R. Arkwright
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"water spinner"
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E. Whitney
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"cotton gin" cleans an enormous amount of cotton
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E. Cartwright
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power loom- weaving cotton into cloth quicker hooked up to water
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*J. Watt*
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figured out how to harness steam- steam power
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domestic v. factory system
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domestic system- manufacturing goods at home doing one step of the process
factory system- manufacturing in a factory doing all the steps in one building |
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E. Chadwick & his concerns
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Effects: Life changes
Slums come out of these factory towns- which are dirty, crowded apartments Low wages and long hours Child labor |
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Robert Owen
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a trade unionist let all the workers join unions
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Grand National Consolidated Trade Union
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1st trade union
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Luddites
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machine-breakers, would attack factories, did not want to accept change
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People's Charter (1838) & Chartism
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A movement to give workers pol. power
People's Charter was the beginning document • Chartism- 1838 People’s Charter- a list of standards/ goals that the industrial workers wanted; it placed it’s fate in the political power of the masses; wants the vote for all industrial males petition, Parliament to get paid and meet once a year, it was rejected |
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Congress of Vienna (1815)
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European-wide Congress that decides what Europe should look like after Napoleon
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Clemens von Metternich (1773-1857)
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Austrian minister; he is the guiding guy for the congress, he is determined that there will be no more nationalism
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Bourbon restoration
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Bring back Louis XVIII as king of France
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Louis XVIII(1814-1824)
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-a restored monarchy, w/ a Bourbon Louis XVIII- a 183 uncle; a limited monarchy w/ a constitution (1815-1824)
He would not budge about using the Bourbon flag |
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Charles X (1824-1830)
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he would not flow w/ the limited monarchy so in July of 1830, Frenchmen filled the streets w/ anger so Charles flees to Britain
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French Revolution of 1830
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after this Louis-Phillipe is king
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Louis-Phillipe Duke of Orleans
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the common people king
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French Revolution of 1848
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ends w/ Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
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Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte/ Napoleon III (1848-1871)
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becomes King
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1848- Louis Kossuth
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revolt against Austria w/ Magyar
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Magyar revolt
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revolt against Austria w/ Louis Kossuth
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Francis Joseph I
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king of Austria- He made a deal w/ Kossuth gave them their own state inside Austria, gave them a sep. legislature and their own flag, their own currency, but Kossuth wanted their own state
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1848- Frankfurt Assembly
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Prussian aristocrats meet to discuss reform; they have an idea of making Prussia the center of a unified Germany
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Fredrick William IV
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king of Prussia
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frustrated nationalism
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the aristocrats were frustrated
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Alexander I (1801-1825)
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czar of Russia
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Constantine v. Nicholas
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? on who will be czar next
Constantine says no |
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Nicholas I (1825-1855)
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against all reforms
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Decembrist Revolt (1825)
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the army officers do this in favor of Constantine, but are executed because Nicholas becomes czar
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John Stuart Mill
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father of “Classical Liberalism”
On Liberty Liberalism- the willingness to consider gov. intervention in the economy Mills agreed w/ Adam Smith, but thought that gov. intervention is sometimes necessary |
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Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
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Early Economists
• Essay of the principles of population • The population will always rise to the level of food supply • When the food supply plummets there will be drought |
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David Ricardo (1772-1823)
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Early Economists
• Principles of Political Economics- if you are dependent on wages your life will suck! • A subsistence wage (just enough to live) is all industrial workers will ever get |
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nationilism
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idea that every group of people should have it's own state
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socialism
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idea that the gov. should regulate things, take things out of the private sector and run things for the good of the whole
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utopian socialism
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start over to make a perfect society
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Charles Fourier (1772-1838)
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phalanstery-#1620
#1620 people everything will be great |
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Louis Blanc (1813-1882)
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socialist and communist
He created the nat’l workshop-the workers took over the factory |
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Robert Owen (1771-1858)
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founded New Harmony- agricultural utopian socialist community that failed
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Unification of Italy -March, 1861
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try to unify Italy
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Victor Emmanuel
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King of Sardinia becomes 1st king of Italy
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Count of Cavour
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Victor Emmanuel's advisor trying to unify Italy from north to south
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William I
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King of Prussia
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Guisseppe Garibaldi
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"Red Shirt" army he creates working from south to north
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Otto von Bismark
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he orchestrates a series of three wars the Prussians announce their arrival to Europe
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Danish-Prussian War (1866)
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only for a few months or three weeks
Scleswig & Holsten was on the border of Prussia and Denmark Prussia says we want Scleswig & Holsten, Denmark said no, Prussian army rolls over them Prussia took Scleswig and gave Holsten to Austria to administer; so now they have an excuse to fight Austria |
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Austro-Prussian War (1866)
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Germany vs. Germany
Prussia took Scleswig and gave Holsten to Austria to administer; so now they have an excuse to fight Austria The Prussians get to say that they are the #1 German power Prussia wins. |
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Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
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Ems Dispatch- a spa in Prussia; Prussia invited Napolean III to the spa; then the Prussians send a false report around with false information, ends w/ the Battle of Sedan
France lost…Napolean III; Alsace & Lorraine; indemnity (pay war damages) Now they can say that they are the # 1 power In Europe |
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Ems Dispatch
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a spa in Prussia; Prussia invited Napolean III to the spa; then the Prussians send a false report around with false information, ends w/ the Battle of Sedan
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Battle of Sedan (1871)
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ends w/ the Battle of Sedan
France lost…Napolean III; Alsace & Lorraine; indemnity (pay war damages) Now they can say that they are the # 1 power In Europe France is sore about Sedan, Alsace and Lorraine |
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January 1871
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changed the name of the empire to Germany and William becomes emperor of Germany
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Compromise of 1867 dual monarchy
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leads to the dual monarchy;
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Third Republic
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Constitution-1875
Had an elected head-president 2-house legislature Boulanger Affair- 1889 The French were still sore about Alsace, Lorraine, and Sedan At the height of his fame, he leaves France to follow his girlfriend/mistress to Switzerland, who left him for another man, when she died he committed suicide on her grave. Alfred Dreyfus- Jewish French military secrets were leaked to the Prussians And Dreyfus was the scapegoat, and he was publicly humiliated, he is then convicted, he was sent to a prison Devil’s Island Esterhazy confessed, but they convicted Drefus again, then after two more trials he was declared innocent |
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Alexander II
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abolishes serfdom was assassinated
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Alexander Herzen-Populist
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thinks the serfs would be happy if they went back to the Mir-which was an agricultural village from was “the good old days”
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Reform act of 1867
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opens Parliament to all males
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Conservatives- B. Disraeli
Liberal-W. Gladstone |
both liberal like John Mill
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G.F. Hegel
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German philosopher
Asked the question how does change happen? Dialectic-start with a thesis, he said is you have a thesis there will be someone who hates. Anti-thesis- against the thesis Sythesis- (best of both the thesis and the antithesis) |
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Ottoman Empire
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stumbling along, waiting for it it die; sock man of Europe
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Karl Marx
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Builds on Hegel
Dialectic-start with a thesis, he said is you have a thesis there will be someone who hates. Anti-thesis- against the thesis Sythesis- (best of both the thesis and the antithesis) Karl Marx The answer is capitalism The thesis is capitalism The antithesis- Proletariat (the workers) The synthesis- communism (workers on the factories) |
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Modernism
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-has less of an emphasis on form, and more of an emphasis on color, and the emotions that color brings forth
• Not representational Kandinsky is an example |
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Theodore Herzel
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Zionism- the idea that Jewish people should have a physical state of their own; beyond nationalism because you are creating a place and calling to people to come if they wish
He writes The Jewish State • Pogrom- A gov. sponsored round-up of Jewish people • Anti-Semitism is prevalent all throughout Europe |
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Fabian Society
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a group of intellectuals who pushed for Nat’l Insurace Act- says the gov. job to provide health care this creates a body of health care available to Brit citizens
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Labour Party
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comfortable w/ socialism; providing public utilities
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Nat’l Insurace Act-1911
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says the gov. job to provide health care this creates a body of health care available to Brit citizens
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