Western Civ Test (April 30Th, 2007)

Front 1

Pyrrhic victory

Back 1

A victory or success that comes at the expense of great losses or costs

Front 2

Social Darwinism

Back 2

A theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority [Europeans]

Front 3

attrition

Back 3

The reduction of the effectiveness of a force caused by loss of personnel and material [A rubbing away or wearing down]

Front 4

Bismarck

Back 4

Responsible for the creation of the Germany Empire

Front 5

Pan slavism

Back 5

Europe/Czech Republic/Russia -- a movement advocating the political and cultural union of Slavic nations and peoples ["our little brothers"]

Front 6

Balkans

Back 6

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Front 7

Serbia

Back 7

"Little brothers" to Russia; wished to expand and become greater Serbia

Front 8

Triple entente

Back 8

Association between Britain, France, and Russia

Front 9

Alsace-Lorraine

Back 9

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Front 10

Hapsburg

Back 10

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Front 11

Russo-Japanese War (1905)

Back 11

War between Russia and Japan -- Japan wins and their win becomes an insult that an Asian country could beat an European country [Social Darwinism]

Front 12

Wilhelm II

Back 12

"A place in the sun" --

Front 13

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Back 13

Death starts the "Great War" -- Austria demands an ultimatum and Serbia says NO [Death caused by The Black Hand"

Front 14

Austro-Hungarian empire

Back 14

Hodge-podge of different nationalities -- only thing holding up the country is the Hapsburg dynasty

Front 15

The Black Hand

Back 15

An under-ground terrorist organization started to kill of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne

Front 16

"The Blank Check"

Back 16

A signed check with no amount to be paid filled in

Front 17

Mobilization

Back 17

Organization of a nation's armed forces for active military service in time of war or other national emergency

Front 18

The Schlieffen Plan

Back 18

To meet the possibility of Germany's facing a war against France in the west and Russia in the east, Schlieffen proposed that, instead of aiming the first strike against Russia, Germany should aim a rapid, decisive blow with a large force at France's flank through Belgium, then sweep around and crush the French armies against a smaller German force in the south

Front 19

Belgium

Back 19

Neutral country during the beginning of WWI -- Britain used as proproganda during the last years of the war -- Germany asked permission to march through Belgium in order to get to France (Belgium said no, but Germany persisted anyway)

Front 20

Total War

Back 20

When the economy and all aspects of society geared up towards the war

Front 21

propaganda

Back 21

A type of message aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of people -- Manipulation of the people

Front 22

Central Powers

Back 22

In WWI, the coalition of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire

Front 23

the first battle of the Marne

Back 23

Won by the Allied Powers (France, Britain, (Germany)) -- Purpose of battle was to inflict a decisive defeat on the British and French and to retreat before them and then turn east and come behind the French armies

Front 24

trench warfare

Back 24

Warfare in which the opposing sides attack, counterattack, and defend from sets of trenches dug into the ground

Front 25

"no man's land"

Back 25

Land under dispute by two opposing parties, especially the field of battle between the lines of two opposing entrenched armies

Front 26

"going over-the-top"

Back 26

Is a military phrase derived from the trench warfare of the First World War -- Attacks starting from trenches required infantry to climb over the top of the parapet before they could cross no man's land to attack the enemy trenches.

Front 27

Gallipoli

Back 27

A narrow peninsula of northwest Turkey extending between the Dardanelles and the Gulf of Saros; it was the scene of heavy fighting (1915) between Allied and Turkish forces in World War I

Front 28

Contraband of war

Back 28

a term in international law that refers to a belligerent's right to prevent an enemy from receiving goods of value in waging war and to seize and condemn any cargo shipped by a neutral nation to a warring power, usually on the high seas

Front 29

blockade

Back 29

The isolation of a nation, area, city, or harbor by hostile ships or forces in order to prevent the entrance and exit of traffic and commerce

Front 30

unrestricted submarine warfare

Back 30

Is a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink merchant ships without warning [Germany seized unrestricted warfare after the sinking of the Lusitania]