Western Civ Spielvogl Chp 4

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Minoan Crete

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– beginning of Greek civilization
-center for trade
-palatial society
-ruled by King Minos – richest king
-unfortified palaces; naval power – naval ships
-trade for: grain, wood, oil; perfume, metalwork
-left no literature
-catastrophic collapse (1450 BC) possible invasion, volcanic action

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Mycenaean Greece

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- 2000-1200BC
-powerful monarchs, fortified palace complexes
-warrior society
-Heroes of the ‘Trojan war’ –seizure of Ionia
-Drew from Minoan culture- commercial competition
-writing, literature – Homer’s Iliad
-Destroyed c1190 BC by barbarians

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Home

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Greek poet

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Illiad

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– Homer wrote down the oral stories passed down from generation to generation
-epic of the Trojan War – tale of the Greek hero Achilles and how the ‘wrath of Achilles lead to disaster

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Odyssey

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– an epic romance that recounts the journeys of one of the Greek heroes, Odysseus after the fall of Troy and his ultimate return to his wife

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classical Greece

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–challenged by Persians
-invasion of Xerxes

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Polis/Polies

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Greek city state

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Pericles

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-helped Athens embark on a policy of expanding democracy
-severing its ties with Sparta
-expanding its new empire abroad
-expanded involvement in democracy

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Age of Pericles

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– height of Athenian power and the culmination of its brilliance as a civilization

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Oligarchy

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- is a form of government where power effectively rests with a small elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth, family, military influence or occult spiritual hegemony. The word oligarchy is from the Greek words for "few" and "rule”.

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Greek Democracy

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– all male citizens over eighteen years of age
-assembled on the steps of the Acropolis
-passed laws, final decision on war and foreign policy
-power in the hands of the people: male citizens voted in the assemblies and served as jurors in the courts

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arête

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being the best one can be

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hoplites

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– Greek soldiers that defend their Greek city State
-8ft spears, helmets with small slits
- marched in Phalanx – large blocks side by side
-had the right to vote

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Socrates

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– a stone mason who loved philosophy
-taught many pupils
-Socratic method employs a question-and-answer technique to lead pupils to see things for themselves using there own reason
-believed that all real knowledge is within each person-critical examination brings it out
-“the unexamined life is not worth living”
-Socrates questioned authority and was thrown in jail and sentenced to death

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Plato

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26. Plato – Socrates pupil, considered by many scholars the greatest philosopher of Western Civilization
-wrote a great deal
-believed a higher world of eternal unchanging ideas or forms has always existed to know them is to know the TRUTH
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Aristotle

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– Plato’s pupil
-believed that form and matter were inseparable
-wished for an effective form of government that would rationally direct human affairs
-believed marriage was meant to provide mutual comfort between man and woman and contributed to the overall happiness of a community
-believed women were biologically inferior to men, therefore must be subordinated to men not only in community but also in marriage
-tutor to Alexander the Great

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The Republic

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– Plato, idea of government, individuals could not attain an ethical life unless they lived in a just and rational state

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Themes

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1. the nature, definitions and characteristics of history
2. the definition of civilizations and the impact of geography, environment, and disease on the development of human resources
3. the cause and effects – social, political, economic, and health- of shifting from a food gathering to a food processing
4. how and why political entities peoples, and belief systems develop and disintegrate over time
5. the interrelationships among the political, economic, military, cultural, intellectual, and religious aspects of life
6. the role of disease as a causal force in the history of Western Civilization
7. how Western and Non-Western Civilizations have interacted with each other and the impact of this interaction
8. the impact of ideas on the history of Western Civilization
9. the origins and consequences of the concept of individual political liberty
10. the competition between the desire for liberty and the need for security