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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Reformation
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Religious Revolution in Western Europe.
16th century Began as reform movement in Catholic Church- resulted in another branch of Christianity |
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Humanism
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Reading, learning, thinking for oneself.
Studying antiquity, reading classics. Rejects supernatural |
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Erasmus
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One of most famous Humanist- Translated the original greek bible into latin- Vulgate Bible
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Luther
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Humanist- main leader of the protestant reformation
Against wealth and corruption in Catholic Church Salvation via faith. |
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Indulgences
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Pardons for sin- Sold by John Tetzel who works for the pope trying to raise money for new church in Rome (St. Peter's Bascilica)
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Simony
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the act of paying for sacrements and consequently papal positions
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95 Theses
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written by Martin Luther- complaints against the catholic church
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Wittenburg
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where 95 Treteses was posted on church doors- also where Luther lectured on the bible- salvation comes through faith alone.
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Frederick the Wise
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German Prince who hides Martin Luther
Elector of Saxony |
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Charles V
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Holy Roman Emporer- ruler of Germany, Austria, Netherlands, Spain, Americas, much of Italy
Summoned Luther to trial at Worms |
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Luther's famous quote
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"Here I stand for I can do no other"
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Luther's marriage
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he was a monk, so was like a slap in the face to church, wen't against his pledge
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Katharina von Bora
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wife of Martin Luther, was a run away Nun
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Criticisms Luther had of the Catholic Church
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selling of indulgences
He also believed you could not get to heaven by doing good works |
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Transubstantiation
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Belief that wine turns into blood of Christ during communion- Lutheran Doctrine
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What is a papal bull?
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Papal document- order
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John Calvin
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Virtual Ruler of Geneva (Calvinism)
Wrote Institues of the Christian Religion Followers: France- Huguenots, Scotland- Presbyterians, Netherlands- Dutch Reformed Church, England- Puritans, American- Pilgrims |
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Predestination
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belief of Calvin- people are predestined, chosen by God to get into heaven
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Geneva
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Ruled by John Calvin
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Act of Supremecy
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Key legal piece of English Reformation
Repudiates papal power- says the pope no longer has authority or influence over england Makes Henry head of Church of England |
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Dissolution of the Monostaries
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henry dissolves monasteries in england and takes their wealth
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Act of Succession
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says that Catherine was never the Queen
if no males born to Anne, then throne was to go to Elizabeth All subjects required to take this oath supporting this act |
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Sir Thomas Moore
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refused to take an oath supporting the Act of Succession
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Philip II
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King of Spain, married to Mary Queen of Scotts
probably is the one who saves Elizabeth I from the tower |
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Mary Queen of Scotts
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Queen of England, first out of 3 kids. Catholic, married to King of spain which people did not like
Turns the country back to catholocism. |
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Who said - "I have no desire to make windows into mens souls"
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in regards to religious toleration
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Tilbury Speech
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Just before spanish armada
"I know i have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king!" |
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How was the Spanish Armada defeated?
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largely due to a freak storm, somewhat due to english ships, "fire ships:" lead by Robert Dudley
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James IV of Scotland = James ! of England
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after the death of Elizabeth, her nephew James- son of MQS takes the throne peacefully
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"Paris is worth a Mass"
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Henry IV of France- originally Henry of Navarre- marries Margot (daughter of Catherine De Medici)
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Peace of Westphalia
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peace treaty which ended the 30 years war- said that all German states were free to choose between either Calvinism, Catholocism or Lutheran
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Amerigo Vespucci
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sailed on behalf of Spain, publicized the new world
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Magellan
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1st circumnavigation of the Globe
involved in civil war in philipines, killed only his ships return |
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Columbian Exchange
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between the 'Old world (europe and africa) and New World (Americas)
spread of diseases, food, goods |
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Middle Passage
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route slaves took from Atlantic to the new world
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Why does Columbus sail?
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to make profit from goods off the silk road-
water route to the East |
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How did Cortez conquer the Aztecs?
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religious/physiological belief in God
Disease |
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consequences of the Columbian Exchange
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Catastrophic Native Depopulation
Revolution Europe healthier overpopulation |
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Pizzaro
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defeated the Incas
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