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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Polis
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8th BC
emerged, city state, political and social urban center (Athens, early Rome) |
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Homer
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8th BC
Greek epic poet, wrote the Illiad and the Odyssey |
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Hoplites
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7th BC
changed warfare, no heroes, just lots of men, phalanx formation |
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Lycurgus
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7th BC
Spartan leader, militarized the society, prohibited coinage |
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Cleisthenes
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6th BC
Athenian archon, reformed elections, introduced ostracism |
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Cincinnatus
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5th BC
Roman Consul, appointed dictator for 6 months to defeat the Aequi |
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Thucydides
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5th BC
Greek historian, wrote on war between Athens and Sparta |
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Peloponnesian War
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5th BC
between Athens(sea) and Sparta(land) and their allies |
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Socrates
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5th BC
Athenian philosopher, Plato's teacher, reexamine all assumptions |
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Sophocles
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5th BC
Athenian, wrote Oedipus at Colonus and Greek tragedies |
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Pericles
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5th BC
Athenian leader, paid day's wages for assembly participants |
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Plato
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4th BC
Athenian philosopher, wrote "Republic", said smart guardians should rule |
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Alexander the Great
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4th BC
king of Macedonia, conquered known world, founded Alexandria |
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Aristotle
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4th BC
Athenian philosopher, Plato's student, happiness through virtue |
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Epicurus
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4th BC
Greek philosopher, pleasure and serenity of the mind are best good |
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Stoicism
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3rd BC
philosophy, founded by Zeno(Athenian), relative evil, no control |
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Zeno
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3rd BC
Athenian, founded Stoicism, materialist, lack of control in the world |
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Hannibal
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3rd BC
Carthaginian general, invaded Italy, defeated at Zama by Scipio |
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Punic Wars
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3rd BC
Rome vs. Carthage, 3 wars, Rome won, destroyed city of Carthage in 146 |
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Gracchus Brothers
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2nd BC
Roman tribunes, land law restricts large holdings |
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Polybius
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2nd BC
Greek hisotrian, national cycles of growth/decay, liked Rome (balance) |
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Pompey
|
1st BC
Roman general, conquered Syria and Palestine, defeated by Caesar |
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Julius Caesar
|
1st BC
marched on Rome, became dictator, conquered Gual, Julian calendar |
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Augustus
|
1st BC
First roman emperor, public services, tax/monetary reform |
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Cicero
|
1st BC
influential Roman stoic, orator, and writer |
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Marius
|
1st BC
Roman general, eliminated property requirement for the army |
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Sulla
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1st BC
Roman general, appointed dictator(unlimited term), retired 3 yrs later |
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Tacitus
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1st AD
Historian, wrote "Agricola" and "Germania", moral indictments of Roman society |
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Tiberius
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1st AD
Roman emperor, skilled administrator, problems with Senate, angered elite |
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Nero
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1st AD
Roman emperor, popular with masses, built "Golden House" and baths |
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Hadrian
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2nd AD
Roman emperor, built wall in Northern Britain, defensive policy |
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Neoplatinism
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3rd AD
philosophy, founded by Plotinus, withdrawal from world, mysticism |
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Asceticism
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3rd AD
major Neoplatonic doctrine, emancipate soul, subjugate body |
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Augustine
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4th AD
Bishop of Hippo, Christian intellect, human evils and good afterlife, soul vs. flesh |
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Constantine
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4th AD
Roman emperor, Christian, instituted hereditary succession |
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St. Benedict
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6th AD
founded Benedictine monks, Latin rule, poverty, chastity, etc. |
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Justinian
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6th AD
eastern Roman emperor, codified Roman law, tried recovering the west |
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Clovis
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6th AD
established Frankish royal dynasty(Merovingian), Catholic king |
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Hegira/Hijrah
|
7th AD
Muslim migration with Muhammad from Mecca to Yathrib(Medina) |
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Muhammad
|
7th AD
founded Islam, moved with followers to Yathrib(Medina) in the Hijrah/Hegira |
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Charles Martel
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8th AD
Frankish king, consolidated Frankish state, beat Muslims at Tours |
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Charlemagne
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9th AD Frankish king, conquered Saxons and converted them, Roman emperor
|
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Manorialism
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9th AD
decentralized government, self-sufficient manors w/surrounding lands |
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Cluny
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10th AD
Benedictine house, direct papal protection, network of subordinate houses |
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Battle of Hastings
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11th AD
(1066) William's Normans defeated King Harold's English |
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Gregory VII
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11th AD
Pope, called on laity to help discipline their priests |
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Henry IV
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11th AD
Holy Roman emperor, fought Saxons, finally abased himself to the Pope |
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Investiture Controversy
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11th AD
can a layman (Henry IV) appoint bishops/abbots? |
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Henry II
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12th AD king of England, instituted grand juries, trial juries, procedures
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Richard I
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12th AD
"Lionheart", helped lead the 3rd crusade, able general |
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St. Thomas Becket
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12th AD Archbishop of Canterbury, killed by Henry II's knights
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Frederick Barbarossa
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12th AD
Holy Roman Emperor, let German princes rule freely |
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St. Bernard of Clairvaux
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12th AD
Cistercian preacher/monk, asceticism |
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St. Thomas Aquinas
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13th AD French Dominican, defended faith through reason
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Philip IV
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13th AD French king, centralized govt, Estates General, reduced papal power
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Dominicans
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13th AD
monastic order, fight heresy and convert Jews/Muslims |
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Dante
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13th AD
wrote Divine Comedy, expelled from Florence |
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Boniface VIII
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13th AD pope, end of papal monarchy, many disputes with kings
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St. Francis of Assisi
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13th AD
rich Italian, gave away everything, founded Franciscans |
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Frederick II
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13th AD
Holy Roman Emperor, recovered Sicily and Jerusalem |
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Innocent III
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13th AD
Pope, summoned 4th crusade, which failed miserably |
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Magna Carta
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13th AD
document limited royal power in taxes, trials and law |
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John I
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13th AD
English king, forced by barons to sign Magna Carta |
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St. Louis IX
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13th AD
French king, well loved, brought peace and prosperity to France |
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Hundred Years War
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14th AD
between France and England, succession of French throne |
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Estates General
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14th AD
French assembly, represented clergy, nobility and populace |
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Crecy
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14th AD
Hundredy Years' War battle in 1346, outnumbered English beat French |
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Black Death
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14th AD
combined bubonic and pneumonic plagues, reduced populations |
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Boccaccio
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14th AD
realist, wrote vernacular prose on love, sex, humor, ie people |
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Edward III
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14th AD
English king during successful campaigns in France in 100 Years War |
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Chaucer
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14th AD
English writer, vernacular literature, Caterbury Tales, human comedy |
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Giotto
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14th AD
Florentine naturalist painter, first to use perspective |
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Petrarch
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14th AD
Italian Renaissance humaniist writer, sonnets, committed Catholic |
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Humanism
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15th AD
Italian Renaissance ideal, study of Latin/Greek language/literature |
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Leonardo Bruni
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15th AD
civic humanist, writes on importance of Latin and Greek studies |
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Masaccio
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15th AD
Italian painter, begain perspective/depth, "imitate nature" |
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Cosimo de Medici
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15th AD
founded Platonic Academy in Florence |