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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acropolis
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highest and most fortified point within a Greek-city state
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democracy
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a government in which people hold ruling power
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legislature
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lawmaking body
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oligarchy
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government with ruling power belongs to a few people
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phalanx
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ancient Greece, massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
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consul
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ancient Rome, official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies
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dictator
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ruler who has complete control over a government: (ancient Rome) leader appointed to rule for 6 months of emergency time
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patrician
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Byzantine empire highest church official in a major city
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plebeian
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member of lower class in ancient Rome, including farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders
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republic
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system of government in which officials are chosen by the people
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Augustus
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(aka Exalted One) Octavian- Caesar's grand-nephew got this title from the senate.
- ruled from 31 BC to 14 AD- republic came to end and age of roman empire began |
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no man's land
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between empty trench lines
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trench warfare
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wars fought within the trenches
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zeppleins
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large gas filled balloons
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armistice
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agreement to end fighting
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atrocity
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horrible acts against innocent
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propaganda
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spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause
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total war
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channeling nation entire resources into war effort
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league of nations
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groups of leaders established to maintain peace
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mandates
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territories administered by western powers
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treaty of versaille
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treaty to blame germany for
WW1 |
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reparations
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payments for war damage
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black shirts
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rejections of democratic process
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corporation
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business where people can take out loans and use at their own risk of investment
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II Duce
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Bentio Mussolini
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concentration camp
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detention center for civilians considered enemires
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Mein Kamf
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Hitler's book "my goals"
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anshluss
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union of Austria and Germany
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appeasement
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giving into an aggressors demands
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pacifism
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opposition to all wars
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sanctions
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penalties
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Atlantic Charter
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stated the goals of the allies for the post- world war
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Blitzkrieg
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lightning war
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lend-lease act
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program that USA supplied the UK, soviet union, China, france and allied nations war materials in 1941- 1945
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operation Barbarossa
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conquest of Soviet Union
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pearl harbor
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Japanese attack on the Americans at pearl harbor in hawaii
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battle of stalingrad
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costliest battle of the war
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El Alamein
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battle at egypt
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Julius Caesar
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dictator of ancient Rome from 48 BC to 44 BC
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Circus Maximus
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biggest chariot racing stadium in ancient rome
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Hadrian
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empire of ancient rome who codified/made the same laws in every part in Rome
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Pax Romana
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period of general prosperity of ancient rome
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bishop
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head of diocese
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heresy
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belief contrary to official church teachings
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martyr
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someone who suffer or die for their beliefs
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messiah
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anointed king sent by God
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patriarch
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bishop with authority over other bishops
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Constantine
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became empire of Rome in 312 and encouraged rapid growth of Christanity
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Diocletain
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emperor of rome in 284 who divided empire into eastern and western parts
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Huns
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nomadic people charged into rome hopping to take roman land
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mercenary
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foreign soldiers serving for pay to defend roman borders
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Visogoths
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another group of Germandic people who tried to overtake rome
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Julius Caesar
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dictator of ancient Rome from 48 BC to 44 BC
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Circus Maximus
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biggest chariot racing stadium in ancient rome
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Hadrian
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empire of ancient rome who codified/made the same laws in every part in Rome
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Pax Romana
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period of general prosperity of ancient rome
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bishop
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head of diocese
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heresy
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belief contrary to official church teachings
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martyr
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someone who suffer or die for their beliefs
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messiah
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anointed king sent by God
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patriarch
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bishop with authority over other bishops
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Constantine
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Constantine became empire of Rome in 312 and encouraged rapid growth of Christanity
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Diocletain
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emperor of rome in 284 who divided empire into eastern and western parts
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Huns
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nomadic people charged into rome hopping to take roman land
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mercenary
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foreign soldiers serving for pay to defend roman borders
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Visogoths
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another group of Germandic people who tried to overtake rome
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balance of power
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distribution of military and economic power that would prevent any one nation from dominating europe
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Edict of Nante
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granted huguenots religious toleration and led them fortify their own towns and cities
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intendants
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royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out his policies in the provinces
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
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Aug. 24, 1572, catholics and huguenots celebrated a wedding violence killed 3,000 people and symbolized breakdown of order in framce
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Versailles
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where King XIV lived and became symbol of Sun King's power
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laissez-faire
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allowing business to operate with little or no government interference
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natural rights
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rights that belonged to all humans from birth
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philosophes
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lovers of wisdom
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social contract
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agreement which people gave up state of nature for an organized society
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Abraham Darby
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used coal to smelt iron which produced bettr-quality iron
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enclosure
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process of taking over and fencing off land formerly shared by peasant farmers
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Charles Townshend
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urged farmers to grow turnips which restored exhausted soil
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Jethro Tull
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invented seed drill to aid farmers
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James Watt
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improved newcomen's steam engine which became a key power source in Industrial Revolution
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Realpolitik
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realistic politics based on the needs of the state
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Schleswig and Holstein
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places from Denmark that Demarich seized
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Franco-Prussian War
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war between france and prussia and prussia defeated france
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second reich
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was german empire that was like the holy roman empire
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William I
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king who made Otto von Bismarck a chancellor
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Zollverein
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prussia economic union
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William II
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became kaiser in 1888
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Iron Chancellor
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named given to Bismarck due to his attempts to crush all opposition to the imperial state
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Social Democratic Party
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political group called for improved working conditions for working class
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Kulturkampf
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Bismarck launched this in his fight against the catholic church
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anarchist
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people who want to abolish all government
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Carvour
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Victor Emmanuel made Cavour prime minister of Italy (believed in monarchy)
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Garibaldi
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wanted to create Italian republic
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Mazzini
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set up Young Italy- republican Italy
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Risorgimento
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Italian nationalist movement
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direct rule
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sending official and soldiers from France to administer their colonies
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imperialism
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domination by one country of the political, economic, cultural life of another country or reign
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protectorate
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local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisers on issues such as trade or missionary activity
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sphere of influence
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area in which a outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
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indirect rule
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used sultans, chiefs other rulers to govern colonies
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Richard Arkwright
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invented waterframe
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George Stephenson
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developed steam-powered locomotive to pull carriages along iron rails
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factory
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places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantiles of food
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turnpikes
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privately built roads that charged fee for travelers who used them
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capital
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wealth to invest in enterprise such as shipping, mines, railroads, and factories
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Francis Ferdinand
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archduke of austria-hungary
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mobilize
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prepare its military forces for war
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ultimatum
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final set of demands
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Gavrilo Princip
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killed Francis Ferdinand and his wife
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neutrality
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policy of supporting neither side of the war
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