Western Civ 2 Exam

Front 1

David Lloyd George

Back 1

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and led a Wartime Coalition Government between 1916 and 1922 and was the Leader of the Liberal Party from 1926 to 1931.

Front 2

Woodrow Wilson

Back 2

Apart of the Paris Peace Conference
Came up with the League of Nations

Front 3

Clemenceau

Back 3

Served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920. He was one of the principal architects of the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919.

Front 4

Treaty of Versailles

Back 4

o Peace treaty with Germany (post WWI), has the most impact
o Leagues of Nations: act as a peace keeping body, Woodrow Wilson’s idea, US never ratified the Treaty because of the League of Nations, no military force
o Germany has to return Alsace-Lorraine
o Germany lost all of its colonies
o Germany forced to pay civilian war damages
o Germany to reduce armed forces
o Rhine river was de-militarized
o Article 231: “War Guilt Clause”: Forced Geremany to take full responsibility for the War, Germany never accepted this

Front 5

V.I. Lenin

Back 5

Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He served as the leader of the Russian SFSR from 1917, and then concurrently as Premier of the Soviet Union from 1922, until his death. Politically a Marxist, his theoretical contributions to Marxist thought are known as Leninism, which coupled with Marxian economic theory have collectively come to be known as Marxism–Leninism.

Front 6

Joseph Stalin

Back 6

Leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. Among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who took part in the Russian Revolution of 1917, Stalin was appointed General Secretary of the party's Central Committee in 1922. He subsequently managed to consolidate power following the 1924 death of Vladimir Lenin through expanding the functions of his role, all the while eliminating any opposition. He held this nominal post until abolishing it in 1952, concurrently serving as the Premier of the Soviet Union after establishing the position in 1941.

Front 7

Dawes Plan

Back 7

an attempt in 1924 to solve the reparations problem, which had bedeviled international politics following World War I.
The Allies' occupation of the Ruhr industrial area contributed to the hyperinflation crisis in Germany. The plan provided for their leaving the Ruhr, and a staggered payment plan for Germany's payment of war reparations. Because the Plan resolved a serious international crisis, Dawes shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925 for his work.
It was an interim measure and proved unworkable; the Young Plan was adopted in 1929 to replace it

Front 8

Adolph Hitler

Back 8

• Mein Kampf (1925)
o Blames Germany’s problems on the Jews
o Lebensraum – “living space”
• Nazi party tactics
o “party of youth”
o propaganda
• Hitler as Chancellor
o Increasing popularity
o The Enabling Act
• Hitler as Dictator of Nazi Germany
o Racism as philosophy

Front 9

Enabling Act

Back 9

1933 constitutional amendment that played a critical role in the rise of Adolf Hitler to become the dictator and Führer of Nazi Germany by August, 1934.

Front 10

Munich Conference

Back 10

Conference held in Munich on September 28--29, 1938, during which the
leaders of Great Britain, France, and Italy agreed to allow Germany to annex
certain areas of Czechoslovakia.

Front 11

Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact

Back 11

On August 23, 1939, representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other

Front 12

Battle of Britain

Back 12

the Second World War air campaign waged by the German Air Force against the United Kingdom during the summer and autumn of 1940. The objective of the campaign was to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF), especially Fighter Command.

Front 13

Battle of Stalingrad

Back 13

a major and decisive battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the southwestern Soviet Union

Front 14

Operation Barbarossa

Back 14

code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during the Second World War.[18][19] Beginning on 22 June 1941, over four million soldiers of the Axis powers invaded the USSR along a 2,900 km (1,800 mi) front,[20] the largest invasion in the history of warfare.

Front 15

D-Day

Back 15

the landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy, in Operation Overlord, during World War II. The landings commenced on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (D-Day), beginning at 6:30 am British Double Summer Time (GMT+2). In planning, as for most Allied operations, the term D-Day was used for the day of the actual landing, which was dependent on final approval

Front 16

Battle of the Bulge

Back 16

was a major German offensive launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, and France and Luxembourg on the Western Front towards the end of World War II.

Front 17

Nuremberg Trials

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series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany

Front 18

Federal Republic of Germany

Back 18

established from eleven states formed in the three Allied Zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom and France (the "Western Zones").

Front 19

Truman Doctrine

Back 19

an international relations policy set forth by the U.S. President Harry Truman in a speech[1] on March 12, 1947, which stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere.

Front 20

Berlin Blockade

Back 20

one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control. Their aim was to force the western powers to allow the Soviet zone to start supplying Berlin with food, fuel, and aid, thereby giving the Soviets practical control over the entire city.

Front 21

Yalta Conference

Back 21

the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, represented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and General Secretary Joseph Stalin, respectively, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.

Front 22

NATO

Back 22

an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.

Front 23

Winston Churchill

Back 23

was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist.

Front 24

Containment

Back 24

a United States policy to prevent the spread of communism abroad. A component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam. It represented a middle-ground position between appeasement and rollback.

Front 25

Mikhail Gorbachev

Back 25

a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the first (and last) president of the Soviet Union from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born during Communist rule

Front 26

Democratic Republic of Germany

Back 26

founded on October 7,1949, after World War II. It was formed from the parts of Germany occupied by the USSR, including part of the city of Berlin.

Front 27

European Union

Back 27

an economic and political union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe.