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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
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april 1794 georges jacques danton guillotined |
a former supporter of robespierre who said it was time for the terror to end others in the national convention began to fear robespierre |
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robespierre falls |
July 28th (10 thermidor) tobespierre guillotined socialist measures overturned jacobin clubs closed |
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july 27th 1794 (9 thermidor) thermidorean reaction |
opponents of robespierre order his arrest |
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1795 new constitution |
restricting voting to property holding males |
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women in the countryside begin to try to smuggle priests into the country even though the church is still illegal |
when discovered they are persecuted by the government |
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the directory (1795-1799) |
government led by 5 directors |
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a weak government |
unable to balance opposing groups such as conservative royalists and radical republicans increasingly turned to the army to maintain government control |
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fall, 1795 |
20,000 citizens converge on the tuileries demanding lower bread prices the directory turns to the army napoleon bonaparte, rising star in the army, orders troops to fire on the crowd |
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The coup de'etat |
1799 |
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october 1799 |
napoleon arrives in france after political disaster and defeat by the british in egypt |
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napoleon joins two of the five directors who want to seize power |
his name and popularity are expected to gain support |
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november 9, 1799 |
napoleon and the two directors seize the government at gunpoint |
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a new constitution |
created with napoleon as first consul |
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december 1799 plebiscite |
confirms napoleon's office |
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1802 |
napoleon is made first consul for life |
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napoleon's victories ensured |
loytalty of the army and restored self-respect to france |
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the army was his major source of power |
drafted from all areas of the empire napoleon sought to create a reputation similar to alexander, caesar and charlemagne napoleon also claimed to be an agent of the french revolution, taking liberty and reform throughout europe |
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creation of administrative uniformity for france |
extensive government bureaucracy controlled by napoleon |
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rule by police state |
joseph fouche, minister of police, maintained secret spies and administered secret trials and executions of napoleon's enemies |
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strict censorship |
of the press |
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concordate of 1801 with pius VII |
eliminated the church as enemy of the government |
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pope agrees not to seek restoration of church lands seized in the revolution |
pope agrees that napoleon can nominate bishops and pay clergy but the pope reserved the right to depose unworthy bishops and have only other clergy consecrate bishops the catholic church is recognized as the religion of most french people but not an official state church |
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1804 the code napoleon (the civil code) |
the first unified law code for france |
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simple, clear and easy to understand |
implemented throughout the empire guaranteed equality before the law for all protected private property family as the central unit of society serfdom outlawed freedom of conscience in religion |
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family as the central unit of society |
father as absolute head of the family father controls marriage rights of sons and daughters father could imprison children under 21 at will father controlled property of his wife and her right to sign contracts wills could not practice primogeniture and cannot bequeath property to illegitimate children |
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education centralized under |
a national board of education |
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balanced the budget and created the bank of france in |
1800, privately owned until 1806 |
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napoleon and the grand empire |
three parts of the empire |
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france and adjoining lands |
belgium, western germany, and much of N. Western italy |
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vassal states or dependent kingdoms |
holland, two italian kingdoms, wesphalia, spain (governed by napoleon's relatives), grand duchy of warsaw, the donfederation of the rhine, switzerland |
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allied states |
austria, prussia, russia and sweden |
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december 2, 1804 |
napoleon is crowned emperor of the french at notre dame |
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october 21, 1805 battle of trafalgar |
defeated by lord nelson and the british |
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1809 napoleon divorces josephine to marry marie louise of austria |
a son is born to them named napoleon francois-joseph charles |
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1808 napoleon attempt to annex spain and make his brother joseph king |
the spanish wage guerilla warfare against 1813 joseph is defeated by the spanish and the british led by sir arthur wellesley |
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june 1812 invasion of russia |
grande armee of 614,000 |
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september 7 battle of borodino |
napoleon wins but loses 40,000 men |
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september 14 |
napoleon reaches a burned out moscow |
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october 19 |
napoleon begins the long retreat |
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only approx 30,000 men made it out of |
russia |
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napoleon abandoned his men to |
rush back to paris to deal with threats to his government |
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1813 prussian war of liberation |
drives the french out of germany |
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napoleon is offered a way out |
metternich of austria offers compromise: rejected by napoleon |
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final coalition forms |
austria, prussia, russia, sweden and great britain |
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october 1813 |
napoleon is defeated at leipzig |
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spring 1814 |
angl-spanish troops enter france and capture paris |
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april 4, 1814 abdication |
exile to elba |
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bourbon dynasty restored |
Louis XVIII (1814-1824) |
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the hundred days |
feb 1815 napoleon escaped from elba grenoble: napoleon gains the toyal army sent to defeat him march 20, 1815 napoleon enters paris |
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battle of waterloo June18, 1815 |
defeat by the duke of wellington and gebhard von blucher at waterloo, belgium exile to st. helena |
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the legacy |
the spread of enlightenment ideas throughout europe the growth of nationalist sentiment to oppose napoleon a redrawn map of europe that will need to be redrawn again after napoleon's downfall |
