Western Civ 1 Test 2

Front 1

Assyrian periods

Back 1

Early Empire
What civilization dominated between these two periods?--------->
Period was known as the Mittanian Domination
Middle Empire
Late Empire

Front 2

Assyrian Middle Empire Characteristics

Back 2

military
calvery
skilled all forms of warfare-------->
open field warfare
siege warfare
psychological warfare
gorilla warfare
large chariots- 4 horses 4 men
engeneers, interpreters, intellegence, lots of scribes

conquer most territory up to their time

Front 3

Assyrian Late Empire

Back 3

Decline because of to much area to control

Who was great king during the time period?
Ashurbanipac ruled during hight of late empire

Front 4

Assyrian Contributions Science

Back 4

Divided circle in 360
Longitude, Latitude
Medical Advances------->
list of 500 different drugs
studiesd diseases to figure out causes
Astronomy recorded postions of eclipses solar lunar....

Front 5

Who nearly wiped out the Assyrians?

Back 5

Medes

Front 6

Neobabylonians where also known as the

Back 6

Chaldeans

Front 7

Neobabylonians inherit most of who's land?

Back 7

Assyrians

Front 8

Great King of Neobabylonians

Back 8

Nebuchadnezzar

Front 9

Nebuchadnezzar accomplishes what?

Back 9

Invades Israel and Judah
Burns Jerusalem possibly takes the arc of the covenant.
Captures lots of people and king of judah.

Front 10

Babylonian Renaissance

Back 10

Bring back old babylonian lifestyle.
hummurabi's code, build babylon back up

Front 11

Babylonian Contributions

Back 11

Created 7 day week, devided day into 12 hours, 120 minutes each
some astronomy, recorded postions of stars and eclipses.

Front 12

Lydians

Back 12

High standards of living
1st to coin money
King Croesus last king of lydians.
Came from central asia.
oracle said an empire would fall.

Front 13

Who unites the persians?

Back 13

Cyrus the great

Front 14

The defeat of the Lydeans

Back 14

defeated at sardis.
capture king croesus.

Front 15

Cyrus the great succeeded by...

Back 15

Cambyses (oldest son)

Front 16

Cambysus' fate

Back 16

not well liked, probly assassinated

Front 17

Who controls Persia after Cambysis?

Back 17

The rule of the Maji

Front 18

Succeeds the maji?

Back 18

Darius the 1st

Front 19

Darius the 1st accomplishes what?

Back 19

Expands empire further into india and europe (threse)

Front 20

How does darius the 1st devide empire?

Back 20

Into small selfgoverning bodies called Satrapy governed by the Satraps

Front 21

How did Darius manage the problem of such a large empire?

Back 21

Imposed system of wieghts and measurements, built a # of large roads,biggest was from sardis to susa

Front 22

Zoroastrianism

Back 22

Dualistic good force = Ahura-Mazda, bad force = Ahriman
Judgment Day, Eschatology, story of end time
belief in free will,
text of religion Zend Avesta

Front 23

Hebrews quick facts

Back 23

1st for monothiesm
detailed accounts of kings
origons not well understood
1st great leader... Abraham

Front 24

Abraham

Back 24

one god talks to him... tells him to lead people to there own land.

Front 25

Who already lived in the land the hebrew moved into?

Back 25

The Cannanites

Front 26

Abraham's son?

Back 26

God tells him to sacrifice him but he sacrifices ram instead

Front 27

what happens around 1600 bc?

Back 27

Agricultural productivity goes down hill some leave to settle in Egypt

Front 28

Next great leader of the Hebrew after Abraham

Back 28

Moses

Front 29

The Exodus

Back 29

Phoroah feels threatened by the Jews orders infant sons killed, Moses leads people out, Hebrew wander around Sinai desert, hebrew convince other hebrew of just one god, ten commandments, build arc to holdem in i.e. arc of the covenant, moses dies just before getting back

Front 30

Philistines

Back 30

The Hebrew battle them for many generations, they may have been the Sea people.

Front 31

Samuel

Back 31

Tries to convince people Yahweh is king but annoints Saul as first king of the Jews

Front 32

Sual

Back 32

Leads Hebrew against the Phillistines and doesnt do so well. Criticized by Samuel. Killed in battle

Front 33

David

Back 33

Second King of hebrew, makes monarchy absolute, high taxes, conscription... every able man in army, and writes some Psalms

Front 34

Solomon

Back 34

Very lavish 700 wifes, 300 concubines, large army w/ 1500 chariats 1000 foot soldiers, traded w/ phoenicians and had a policy of paying w/ people.

Front 35

Solomons Biggest Accomplishment

Back 35

Built a temple for the arc of the covenant, i.e. Solomons Temple

Front 36

Judaism prior to 2000 bc

Back 36

magic, spirits, many gods, then by 1400 bc many converted to monothiesm

Front 37

Prophetic Period

Back 37

800-600 bc lots o prophets

Front 38

escotology

Back 38

Belief in story of end times where good triumphs over evil

Front 39

Hebrew achievements

Back 39

1st for monothiesm
Literature: The Old Testament
The Torah... 1st 5 books
Writings... 1st kings battles stories
Prophetic Books... teachings of Yahweh

Front 40

Polis

Back 40

politically independent Greek city-states

Front 41

Hoplites

Back 41

Citizens of greek city-state in army
had to buy your own gear.

Front 42

1st and 2nd Messenian wars

Back 42

(sparta) Concurred Messenian people during the 1st and required them to give up troops, 2nd war Messenians rose up and rebelled against spartans and they are convinced that they must be harsher on them... this is where sparta becomes a military state.

Front 43

Messenians Classes

Back 43

Perioeci... ones who didnt resist, they become troops if nessecary
Helots... ones who rebeled... state slaves
Helots will out number spartans 10:1

Front 44

Spartan Constitution

Back 44

3 forms of gov.
Monarchy
Olygarchy
Democracy (a little)

Front 45

Spartan Hierarchy

Back 45

2 kings (hereditary)
Gerousia (councle of 28 men 60 and older) ((elected))
Apella (every adult male) (all male assembly))
Ephorate (5 men 30 and older 1 year term, chosen by Apella civil court, disiplanary power over everyone, declared war once a year against Helots)

Front 46

Legendary creator of the military state?

Back 46

Lycurgos

Front 47

Aristotle

Back 47

Greek philosopher who wrote about athenian constitution and gives an account of how politics developes

Front 48

Political structure of athens

Back 48

Areopagus- councle of nobles
made policy for state
9 archons - served one year term
each had diff. function, war judicial, finance...
All male assembly - rubber stamp areopagus decisions
lower class pressured gov. for decisions

Front 49

Drako, or Drakon

Back 49

records all laws of Athens.
Draconian... harsh punishments

Front 50

Solon Political Reform

Back 50

4 classes of people according to wealth
1st Class... Areopagus
2nd Class... Areopagus
3rd Class... Small Farmer.. allowed to be Hoplytes
4th Class... peasant class...served on court of appeals
all 4 classes elect 400 representatives
still had all male assembly albeit a little more powerful

Front 51

Ecclesia

Back 51

The all male assembly... men were uneducated and made bad decisions, debates could be hard to control, 8000 to 10000 greeks could talk for days

Front 52

Tyrant of Athens

Back 52

Pisastratus, used military to cease power, then driven out, 15 years later he come back for 2nd tyranny of Pisastatus, great patron of the arts, built underground pipes

Front 53

Father of Democracy

Back 53

Cliesthenes, makes Athens democratic, understood root of the problem was with the aristocracies (families passing wealth from one generation to the next)

Front 54

Cliesthenes Reforms

Back 54

reorganizes the four tribes into 10 geographical tribes and draws boundaries on a map.
he makes 30 small districts within 10 tribes where no district could be controlled by one tribe.

Front 55

10 tribes

Back 55

each tribe elects 50 representatives to go to new council of 500.
Council writes legislation.

Front 56

Darius the 1st at Marathon

Back 56

Town where Darius the 1st lands with 25000 men... Athens asks for help i.e. Marathon run
Athenians and Spartans out number 10 to one but wipe the floor with the sparans.

Front 57

Son of Darius the 1st

Back 57

Xerxes, builds huge army to invade greece, 100000 to 150000 men and 1200 to 1500 ships, 6 days to cross hellesponze.

Front 58

Conference at Corinth

Back 58

Where Athenians ask for help. King Leonidas agrees, Athens turns leadership over to Spartans and Sparta doesn't allow army to go.

Front 59

Thermopylae

Back 59

Where Athenians and Spartans hold Persians off.
Buys time for Greeks to build up defenses

Front 60

Salamis

Back 60

Island where Greek navy awaits Persians.

Front 61

Trireme

Back 61

Greeks ships with 3 tears of ore-men.

Front 62

Plataea

Back 62

Location of final battle between Greece and Sparta and ends the 2nd Persian war.

Front 63

Themistocles

Back 63

great hero of 2nd Persian war, he command fleet of greek ships at Salamis.
He goes back to Athens and becomes political leader
He ends up being ostracized from Greece and goes over to Persia.

Front 64

Delian League

Back 64

Meeting at Island of Delos, a permanant alliance is formed between states

Front 65

Pericles

Back 65

He was one of the 10 generals elected annualy.
Age of Pericles - great support for Democracy. he created a # of juries which allowed everyone to serve at least once.

Front 66

1st Peloponnesian War

Back 66

not to many pitch battles just advance into territory and burn each others fields
Pericules sues for peace and 30 year peace agreed upon

Front 67

Alcibiades

Back 67

He wants to attack Spartans on island of Sicily at the city of Syracuse.
He is then accused of desecrating statue so he doesn't go.
attack was complete disaster.
Only Greek to fight on all three sides.

Front 68

Leuctra

Back 68

Location of worst defeat of Spartans in history. They lost to thebes general Epaminondas

Front 69

Epaminondas

Back 69

Thebes general who discovers a way to defeat enemies phalanx. he does this by putting 50 men deep on left side of his phalanx.

Front 70

Parthenon

Back 70

Best example of Greek architecture
It was built to honor Athena
It means apartment of the Virgin
no 90 degree angles, columns built slightly wider in center and are not straight up and down, steps bulge in middle aswell to prevent apperance of sagging

Front 71

Drama

Back 71

Trace origins to rituals in honor of Greek god Dionysus
During 6th century a person was added to recite text

Front 72

Aeschylus

Back 72

Introduced second actor, wrote dramas or plays, most that he wrote are now lost

Front 73

Sophocles

Back 73

Added third actor, credited for 123 plays

Front 74

Oedipus the King

Back 74

Fated from birth to murder his father and marry his mother so they send him to Corinth. he finds out about his fate later so he leaves to go back to Thebes and encounters his father on the road. he doesnt know that he is his father and the get into an altercation. and he kill him. He gets to Thebes and discovers that that Thebes is being ravaged by the sphinx and he must solve a riddle to save everyone and does. he becomes king and marries the queen (his mom) and she kill herself. he finds out about all of this and stabs his own eyes out.

Front 75

Greek Architecture

Back 75

3 styles of columns:
Doric - Masculine style
Ionic - Feminine style
Corinthian - Most elaborate style

Front 76

Greek philosphy

Back 76

1st to ask 2 questions:
what is the source of knowledge?
what is the nature of reality?

Front 77

Schools of philosophy

Back 77

Cynics and Sophists

Front 78

Sophist

Back 78

"wise" earned living as Tudors, truth varies between time and place, human sences only way to gather knowledge, politicaly active, critlcle of government

Front 79

Socrates

Back 79

Believed in absolute knowledge, certain absolutes, asked questions, getting opinions then testing them to get truths, Socratic Method, opposes democracy and gets in trouble becuase of involvement with youth of country

Front 80

Plato

Back 80

Socrates pupil, picks up where he leaves off, he writes The Republic, he describes in it what to him would be the ideal form of government. He founds the Acadamy

Front 81

Aristotle

Back 81

Plato's main student, founds his own school, all things have purpose, and it can be discovered through observation.
Father of Biology, studied medicine and astronomy, Politics, and wrote extensively... The Politics, A book about the political system of the Greeks, a major work of political science

Front 82

Herodotus

Back 82

Greek historian, Father of History, chose as his main topic the Persian Wars. His works would be called The Histories, he used oral accounts and observations and used reason to fill in the gaps.

Front 83

Thucydides

Back 83

His main topic, The history of the Great Peloponnisian war. He fought as a general on Athenian side. Unlike Herodotus he rejects opinions, oracles, and legends, everything written must be true and doesn't digress into other topics.

Front 84

Macedonia Rising

Back 84

Spoke a Greek dialect. not as advanced as Greece, had a hereditary monarchy where king had to be approved by army and by the council of nobles

Front 85

Phillip the 2nd

Back 85

educated in Greece, strengthens army, invents Sarissa, longer spear, mad use of calvary, elite force of em called The Companions, he invades Thrace and Thessaly.

Front 86

Chaeronea

Back 86

Town where Greece battles with Phillip and are defeated handedly. Macedonian phalanx far superior due to longer spear (sarissa)

Front 87

League of Corinth

Back 87

Phillip offers alliance with them at the Congress of Corinth and they agree. they must provide troops if need be.

Front 88

Alexander the Great

Back 88

After father is assassinated he immediately takes the throne and kills conspirators. Marches army down to Greek states and burns several cities including Corinth.

Front 89

Darius the third

Back 89

King of Persia during Alexanders invasion. He decides to make a stand right away and looses handidly

Front 90

Guagamela

Back 90

Darius the 3rd prepare 100000 men and elephants and chariots with blades attached to wheels, but Alexander advances forces diagonally and expliots openings in ranks with calvary

Front 91

3 separate kingdoms Alexanders empire are divided into...

Back 91

Seleuces- large central region
Ptolemy- Egypt phonicea most valuable
Antigonus- Macedonia Greece

Front 92

Euclid

Back 92

Mathematician, Father of Geometry, wrote Elements of Geometry,

Front 93

Archimedes

Back 93

practical inventions, water screw, demonstrates abilities of fulcrum, a number of military machines, measure Pi

Front 94

Eratosthenes

Back 94

lived in Alexandria, worked as librarian, Father of Geography, does experiment to prove earth is a sphere, calculates circumference of the earth using a stick which was not widely accepted, draws map of known world of Hellenistic Age.

Front 95

Philosophies

Back 95

Stoicism - founded by greek philosopher Zeno,