Western Art Iv: Archaic- Greek

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Horse

c. 15,000-10,000 BC

Lascaux, France

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Stonehenge

c. 2000 bc

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Statuettes from the Temple of Abu

c. 2650 bc

Sumeria

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Stele of Hammurabi

c. 1780 bc

Sumeria

(Louvre)

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Great Pyramids of Gizeh

c.2500

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Menkaure and His Queen

c. 2500 bc

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

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The Great Sphinx

c. 2500 B.C.

Gizeh

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Queen Nefertiti

c. 1350 B.C.

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Snake Godess

c. 1650 B.C.

Crete

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The Toreador Fresco

c. 1500 B.C.

Crete

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Octopus Vase

c. 1500 B.C.

Crete

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Lioness Gate

c. 1250 B.C.

Mycenae, Greece

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Dipylon Vase (grave monument)

c. 740 B.C.

*geometric style

Athens

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Front 14

Exekias

Dionysos, a Satyr and a Maenad (MEEN-ad). Attic black-figured amphora

c. 540 BC

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Exekias

Dionysos in a Boat [according to a Homeric hymn, the god of wine had once been abducted by Etruscan pirates. He thereupon caused vines to grow all over the ship and frightened his captors until they jumped overboadrd and were turned into dolphins. We see him on his return journey]

c. 540 B.C.

Interior of an Attic black-figured kylix

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Euphronios

Hercules Wrestling Antaeus, Attic red-figured krater

c.510 bc

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Douris

Eos (Aurora)and Memnon, interior of Attic red-figured kylix (The godess of the dawn holding the body of her son, killed and stripped of his armour by Achilles)

c. 485 b.c.

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Kouros

c. 600 bc

One of the first large freestanding stone images of the human form in world history

Metropolitan

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Anavysos Kouros

c. 525 bc

Athens

*Note the "Archaic smile" which occurs throughout sixth-century Greek sculpture

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Kritios

Kritios Boy

c. 480 bc

from the Acropolis, Athens

One of the earliest examples of the contraposto pose. "The entire figure seems so alive that the Archaic smile, the "sign of life" is no longer needed. It has given way to a serious expression characteristic of the early phase of Classical sculpture (or, as it is often called, the Severe Style). Once Greek statue was free to move, as it were, it became free to think, not merely to act.

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Dying Warrior

c.480 bc

east pediment of the Temple of Aphaia, Aegina

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Polykleitos (pol-i-KLEE-tuhs)

Doryphoros (Spearbearer)

Roman copy of original from c. 450 bc

Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples

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Riace Warrior A

c. 450 bc

Museo Archeologico, Reggio Calabria

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Front 24

Myron

Diskabolos (Discus Thrower)

Roman copy of original from c. 450 bc

Museo delle Terme, Rome

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Dying Niobid (nye-O-bid)

c. 450 bc

* The earliest known large female nude in Greek art. In the Niobid, human feeling is for the first time expressed as eloquently in the features as in the rest of the body. What separates the Niobid from the world of archaic art (see dying warrior from Aegina) is summed up in the Greek word pathos. Pathos means suffering, but particulary suffering conveyed with nobility and restraint, so that it touches rather than horrifies us.

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Athena Nike

c. 410 bc

from the balustrade of Kallikrates's Temple of Athena Nike, Akropolis, Athens

The goddess removes her sandal before stepping on her altar

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Apollo Belvedere

c. 340 bc

Musei Vaticani, Rome

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Praxiteles (prak-SIT-l-eez)

Hermes

c. 340 bc

Archaeological Museum, Olympia

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Praxiteles (prak-SIT-l-eez)

Aphrodite of Knidos

Roman copy of original c. 340 bc

Vatican Museums, Rome

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Polyeuktos

Demosthenes (di-MOS-thuh-neez)

c. 280 bc

Copenhagen

Athenian statesman and orator, He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southwards by conquering all the Greek states. After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new King of Macedon, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction.

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Nike of Samothrace

c. 200 bc

Louvre

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Venus de Milo

c. 135 bc

Louvre

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Laocoon Group

c. 150 bc

Musei Vaticani

Laocoön warned his fellow Trojans against the wooden horse presented to the city by the Greeks. In the Aeneid, Virgil gives Laocoön the famous line Equo ne credite, Teucri / Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes, or "Do not trust the Horse, Trojans / Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks even bearing gifts." This line is the source of the saying: "Beware of Greeks bearing gifts."

The Trojans, according to Virgil, disregarded his advice, however, and were taken in by the deceitful testimony of Sinon; in his resulting anger Laocoön threw his spear at the Horse. Poseidon, who was supporting the Greeks, at this moment sent sea-serpents to strangle Laocoön and his two sons, Antiphantes and Thymbraeus

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Temple of Hera I

c.550 bc

Paestum, Italy

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Temple of Aphaia

c. 500 bc

Aegina

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Temple of Hera II ("Temple of Poseidon")

c. 460 bc

Paestum, Italy

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Iktinos and Kallikrates (kuh-LIK-ruh-teez)

The Parthenon

448-432 bc

Akropolis, Athens

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Kallikrates

Temple of Athena Nike

c. 425 b.c.

Akropolis, Athens

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Venus of Willendorf

c. 28,000-25,000 bc

Vienna

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Plastered Skull, Jericho

c. 7000 bc

Jordan

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Female Head, from Warka

c. 3500 bc

Baghdad

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Head formerly believed to be of the God Abu

c. 2650 bc

Baghdad

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Head of an Akkadian Ruler

c. 2200 bc

Baghdad

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Winged Human-Headed Bull

c.720 bc

Assyria

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People, Boats, and Animals

c. 3200 bc

Hierakonpolis

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Palette of Narmer (back and front)

c. 3000 bc

from Hierakonpolis

Cairo

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Front 47

Step Pyramid at Saqqara

c.2650 bc

Saqqara

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Khafre

c. 2500

Gizeh

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Tutanknamen burial mask

c. 1350

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Temple of Ramses II

1257 bc

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Lyre Player, from Keros

c. 2000 bc

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Psiax

Hercules Strangling the Nemean Lion, Attic black-figured amphora

c. 525

Brescia, Italy

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Palace at Knossos

c. 1500 bc

Crete

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Kore, from Chios

c. 520 bc

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Kore

c. 650 bc

Louvre

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Funeral mask from the royal tombs of Mycenae

c. 1500

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Charioteer of Delphi

c. 470 bc

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Apollo, from the west pediment of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia

c. 460 bc

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Three Goddesses, from the east pediment of the Parthenon

c. 435

Akropolis, Athens

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The Erechtheum

c. 410 bc

Akropolis, Athens

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Lysippus

Apoxyomenos (Scraper)

c.340

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Altar of Zeus and Athena, Pergamon

c. 175 bc

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Apollonius ?

Seated Boxer

c. 50 bc

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