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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Modeling
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the shaping or fashioning of 3D forms in a soft material, such as clay
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Post and Lintel
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system of construction in which 2 posts support a lintel
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Megalithic Architecture
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Greek for "great stone", a large, roughly hewn stone used in the construction of monumental prehistoric structures.
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Trilithon
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pair of monoliths topped with a lintel; found in megalithic structures
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Ziggurat
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in ancient Mesopotamian architecture, a monumental platform for a temple
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Cuneiform
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Latin, "wedge-shaped". A system of writing used in ancient Mesopotamia, in which wedge-shaped characters were produced by pressing a stylus into a soft clay tablet, which was then baked or otherwise allowed to harden.
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Cella
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the chamber at the center of an ancient temple; in a classical temple, the room (Greek, naos) in which the cult statue usually stood
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Heraldic Composition
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symmetrical on either side of a central figure
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Register
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one of a series of superimposed bands or friezes in a pictorial narrative, or the particular levels on which motifs are placed
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Hierarchy of Scale
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artistic convention in which greater size indicates greater importance
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Votive Offering
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gift of gratitude to a deity
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Stele
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carved stone slab used to mark graves or to commemorate historical events
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Attribute
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distinctive identifying aspect of a person, for example, an object held, an associated animal, or a mark on the body
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Composite View
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convention of representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile ad another part of the same figure is shown frontally
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Lamassu
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Assyrian guardian in the form of a man-headed winged bull
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Apadana
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great audience hall in ancient Persian palaces
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Hieroglyphics
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system of writing using symbols or pictures
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Mastaba
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Arabic, "bench,". Ancient Egyptian rectangular brick or stone structure with sloping sides erected over a subterranean tomb chamber connected with the outside by a shaft
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Imhotep
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1st known architect--old pyramids (stepped)
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Serdab
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small concealed chamber in an Egyptian mastaba for the statue of the deceased
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Ka
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In Ancient Egypt, the immortal human life force.
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Necropolis
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Greek, "city of the dead." A large burial area or cemetery.
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Pharaoh
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An ancient Egyptian king.
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Canon of Proportions
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The Ancient Greeks considered beauty to be a matter of "correct" proportion and sought a canon of proportion, for the human figure and for buildings.
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Hypostyle Hall
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Hall with a roof supported by columns.
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Clerestory (lighting)
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The fenestrated part of a building that rises above the roofs of the other parts. The oldest known clerestories are Egyptian.
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Pylon
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Wide entrance gateway of an Egyptian tempe, characterized by it's sloping walls.
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Sunken Relief
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The artist cuts the design into the surface so that the highest projecting parts of the image are no higher than the surface itself.
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Faience
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Low-fired opaque glasslike silicate.
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Fresco
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Painting on lime-plaster, either dry or wet.
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Citadel
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An Etruscan cylindrical container made of sheet bronze with cast handles and feet, often with elaborately engraved bodies, used for women’s toiletry articles.
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Tholos Tomb
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In Mycenaean architecture, a beehive-shaped tomb with a circular plane.
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Cyclopean Masonry
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Method of stone construction, named after the mythical Cyclopes, using massive, irregular blocks without mortar, characteristic of the Bronze Age fortifications of Tiryns and other Mycenaean sites.
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Corbeled vault/arch
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Support for some element in the superstructure. Two walls meeting at the topmost course. A Vault formed by the piling of stone blocks in horizontal courses, cantilevered inward until the 2 walls meet in an arch.
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Relieving Triangle
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In Mycenaean architecture, the triangular opening above the lintel that serves o lighten the weight to be carried by the lintel itself.
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Peplos
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A simple, long belted garment of wool worn by women in ancient Greece.
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Amphora
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An ancient Greek two-handled jar used for general storage purposes, usually to hold wine or oil.
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Doric
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Systems used in ancient Greece for articulating the three units of elevation of a classical building-the platform, the colonnade, and the superstructure. The Doric order is characterized by capitals with funnel-shaped echinuses, columns without bases and a frieze of triglyphs and metopes.
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Peristyle
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In classical architecture, a colonnade all around the cella and its porch. A peripteral colonnade consists of a single row of columns on all sides; dipteral colonnade has a double row all around.
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Pediment
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In classical architecture, the triangular space (gable) at the end of a building, formed by the ends of the sloping roof above the colonnade; ornamental feature having this shape.
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Triglyph
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Triple projecting, grooved member of a Doric frieze that alternates with metopes.
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Metope
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Square panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often sculpted in relief.
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