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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was believed to cause the Black Death?
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Polluted air mass, Jews poisoning wells, contagion, God's Wrath
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What impact did the Black Death have?
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Lower population, more available land, increased wages, wage cap = peasant uprisings
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What was the avignon Papacy?
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Papacy in French area, conflict between King and Pope, decline of papal prestige
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What was the Great Schism and how was it solved?
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New Roman pope selected, french cardinals pick a french pope, divided loyoalties. Council of Pisa called to solve it.
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What were the critiques and impacts of John Wyclif and John Hus?
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Wycliff - Criticized papal authority, sola scriptura, attack on transubstantiation.
Hus - attacks papacy and clerical corruption. Thrown in prison and killed |
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What was Renaissance humanism?
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Revival of humanities.
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Who was Petrarch?
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Father of humanism and return to ancient Rome. Ad fontes (Back to the sources)
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What was distinctive about the Ranasissance in northern Europe?
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Vernacular literature develops, more christian aspect.
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What was "Christian humanism"?
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Greater emphasis on ad fontes Christianitatis, revised the Church Fathers, return church to pristine state, Bible in original languages.
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What impact did the invention of the printing press have?
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Faster reproduction of books, cheaper books, faster spread of ideas, no mor ecorrupt copies.
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Who was Erasmus and why was he significant?
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Prince of Humanists, wored on CHurch Fathers, 1st printed Greek NT, "laid the egg that Luther hatched," critique of church
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What were Luther's main beliefs?
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No purgatory, Justified and sinner at same time, No indulgences, 2 sacraments, no masses or prayers for dead, rejection of pop, no good works to get into heaven.
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Explain the three sola's - gratia, fide, scriptura?
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Justification through grace and faith alone.
Reliegious truth in scripture alone. |
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What were the main reasons for Luther's success?
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Printing press, Politics (Charles need Lutheran princes to fight Turks), Exisiting discontent with Church, Effective propaganda.
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How did Zwingli differ from Luther?
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Worship should be quiet meditation, contemplation, and remembrance. Flesh counts for nothing in the Eucharist.
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If Calvin insisted on predestination, why did he also emphasize moral behavior?
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The body of Christ needed to be kept pure so they needed good moral behavior.
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How did worship in the Reformed tradition differ from Lutheranism?
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Quiet, no images, no stained glass, no sculptures, no music.
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What implications do the phrases "Conter and Catholic Reformation have?
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Counter- changes in Catholicism spurred by Protestant reformation
Catholic - Changes in Catholicism had history of their own. |
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Where did Catholic reform before Luther took place?
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Spain
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What was the significance of the Jesuits?
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Spanish soldies of Christ wanted to convert Muslims, Trying to Convert Protestants to Catholics, Anti-religous tolerance among rulers encouraged, Encouraged revolts against Protestant rulers.
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What was the significance of the Council of Trent?
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"trickle-down" reform from bishops, establishment of seminaries, reform of clerical abuses.
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What were some of the common beliefs of the radical reformers?
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The world is ending and we must get ready now, must separate from secular society and create purly godly community
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What aspect of religion did the Anabaptists emphasize?
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Rejection of infant baptism, recreate NT church attempt, rejection of civil government.
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What elements did the Spiritualists emphasize?
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Rejection of overly Biblical reforms (no training in Greek and Hebrew), Direct inspiration of the HOly Spirit, Enthusiasts, Quakers, Shakers (modern Amish and Mennonites)
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