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192 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What was the cause for the Boxer Rebellion?
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too many foreigners in China
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Why did Japan make the decision to westernize in the late 1800's?
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so that they would not become a victim of imperialism
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During the rule of the Hanover Dynasty
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the Office of Prime Minister emerged
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The expansion plans of Cecil Rhodes in South Africa were a major cause for the
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Boer War
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William and Mary became the co-rulers of England as a result of the
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Glorious Revolution
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England would gain control of the Suez Canal in the 1850's by
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buying the majority of Egypt's stock in the canal
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The Meiji Restoration led to the modernization of
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Japan
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Risorgimento Movement
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wanted to unite Italy under one Italian ruler
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Open Door Policy
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all countries could trade equally with China, proposed by John Hay
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Guantanamo Bay
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a U.S. naval base in Cuba
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Otto von Bismarck
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became the Chancellor of Prussia and united Germany
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Recognized as the first official British Prime Minister
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Robert Walpole
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He was the author of the Open Door Policy
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John Hay
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Overthrew the Manchu Dynasty and established the Chinese Republic in 1911.
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Sun Yet Sen
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Dutch farmers who settled in South Africa
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Boers
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The major cause for the Spanish American War
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Sinking of the Maine
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The "architect" of Italian unity
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Cavour
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What incident was a major cause for the start of World War I
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Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated
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What policies led to the downfall of the Provisional Government in Russia in November, 1917?
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Kerensky kept Russia in the war
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How did Stalin and Trotsky differ in their views of Communism?
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Trotsky-internationalist, believed all the world should be turned to communist immediately
Stalin-nationalist, believed all of Russia should convert to communism and then the rest of the world |
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What was the purpose for Lenin's establishment of the NEP?
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for a temporary return to Capitalism to restore the economic conditions in Russia
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The Populist Party of the 1890's was supported mostly by
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farmers
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The most important issue that united the Populist party was
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the economic concept of free silver
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Who were the three progressive Presidents?
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Theodore Roosevelt
William H. Taft Woodrow Wilson |
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President Wilson believed that the most important of his Fourteen Points was the
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establishment of a League of Nations
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Of the following, the president whose administration initiated the most anti-trust proceedings was that of
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William H. Taft
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The concept of the Five Year Plan for economic development was started in Russia by
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Joseph Stalin
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Major reforms aimed at improving U.S. society were brought about due to the
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Progressive Era
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The devastating weapon that dominated World War I was the
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machine gun
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The most severe terms of the Treaty of Versailles were applied to
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Germany
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Muckrakers
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investigative writers that publicised the problems of society : Lincoln Steffins and Ida Tarbell
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Zimmerman Note
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proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico and was a cause for U.S. participation in WWI
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Blank Check Clause
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reparation payment by Germany, where they had to pay an unnamed sum
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AEF
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American troops that fouhgt in France in WWI
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His book publicised the political corruption found in the big cities of the U.S.
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Lincoln Steffins
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Title given to Theodore Roosevelt's presidency
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Square Deal
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Type of land warfare characteristic of WWI
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Trench Warfare
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Commanded U.S. forces that fouhgt in WWI
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John Jake Pershing
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Influential Wisconsin political leader who started the Progressive Era on the local level
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Robert LaFollette
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Term used for the secret ballot that was adopted in the U.S. during the progressive era
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austrailian ballot
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This nation's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare played a major part in the entry of the U.S. into WWI
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Germany
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What dangerous political situation developed because of the bad economic conditions after World War
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led to development of totalitarian government led by dictators
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What was the overall theory of the New Deal?
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try something and if that doesn't work, try something else
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How did Hitler gain power ?
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through the political process
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During the 1920's in Germany, the Weimar Republic
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was blamed for losing the war
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The major reason for the U.S. eventually recovering from the Great Depression was
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the start of the war preparedness program in 1939
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The only country to establish a communist dictatorship between world wars was
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Russia
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Between world wars, the country that suffered the most from uncontrolled inflation was
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Germany
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In 1922, Mussolini gained power in Italy as result of the
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March on Rome
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President Hoover's immediate approach in dealing with the Depression was
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"rugged individualism"
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The major event in the increase in membership to the Nazi Party in Germany was
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the rapid increase in unemployment caused by the depression
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A Fascist government is the modern version of
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an absolute monarchy
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After becoming Chancellor, Hitler began his goal of
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uniting all German-speaking peoples
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Between world wars, the major problem faced by most nations involved
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the economy
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Command economy
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dictatorship and totalitarian governments
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Mein Kampf
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the book that Hitler wrote for his plan for Germany
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Event that marked the start of the Great Depression in the U.S.
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Stock Market Crash
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dictatorship on the far left of the political scale
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communism
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social class that supports the dictatorship to the political left
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lower class
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dictatorship on the far right of the political scale
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facism
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social class that supports the far right dictatorship
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upper and middle
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political party that grew out of the German Worker's Party
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NAZI's
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title given to FDR's presidency
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New Deal
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What was the significanece of the presidental election of 1940?
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Roosevelt broke the two term tradition
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What was the reason for the policy of appeasement followed by the western democracies in the 1930's?
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to make sure that their countries would not get involved in another WWI because it was so bad
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What did Hitler and Stalin sign in 1939?
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a non-agression treaty
Hitler(Germany) Stalin(Russia) |
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Hitler's first succesfful aggressive territorial move was his occupation of
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the Rhineland
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In September, 1940, Roosevelt made a destroyer for bases deal with
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Churchill
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Hitler's decision to try and defeat England by air power alone, led to the
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Battle of Britain
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As a result of the Munich Conference, Hitler was allowed to occupy
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Czechoslovakia
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England and France declared war on Germany as a result of Hitler's
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invasion of Poland
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The first sea battle to be fought by air plans only was the Battle of
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The Coral sea
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In December of 1917, the Balfour Declaration
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favored the creation of a Jewish national state
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Manhattan Project
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allied program set up by FDR to develop an atomic bomb
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Operation Overlord
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allied code name plan to invade France
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Zionism
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movement started in the 1800's which hoped to start an independent Jewish state in the Middle East
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lend lease act
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President FDR had authority to provide military supplies to any ally under any of his terms
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new type of warfare used by Germany that overran Polan in a month
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Blitzkreig
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Two factors that enabled England to win the Battle of Britan
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radar
RAF(Royal Airforce) |
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it was a restatement of Wilson's Fourteen Points
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Atlantic Charter
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It was the site of the Allied landings in France on June 6, 1944.
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Normandy
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Target of the first atomic bomb
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Hiroshima
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This battle was the turning point in the Pacific war
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Midway
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He commanded the Allied landings in France on D-Day
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Eisenhower
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He violated the Treaty of Versailles when he annexed Austria to his Third Reich
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Hitler
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British Prime Minister in the 1930's who believed in world peace through appeasement
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chamberlain
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What precedent was set with Pope Stephen II's crowning of Pepin the Short?
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pope claimed the authority to put rulers in or depose them
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What role did immunities play in the decline of Charlemagne's empire?
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government breakdown
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What was the goal of the manor and the result?
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goal: self sufficiency
result: great decline of trade |
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A feudal land grant given by a Lord to a vassal was called a
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fief
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The major obligation of a vassal was
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military service
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The Donation of Pepin was a land grant which eventually became
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The Papal States(Vatican)
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Charles Martel kept western Europe from becoming part of the Islamic empire by
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defeating the Moors at the Battle of Tours
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The Carolingian Dynasty was named after
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Charlemagne
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As pope, Innocent III
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brought the Church to the peak of its power in the Middle Ages
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The area of western Europe ruled by Charlemagne became known as the
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Holy Roman Empire
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A Lord who was captured in battlew ould be ransomed by his
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vassals
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Treaty of Verdun
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split up Charlemagne's empire among his three grandsons
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Mayor of the Palace
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ran the empire for the Merovingian kings
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lay investiture
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when a lay person appoints a clergy member
ex. the king appoints a bishop |
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City of God
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written by Saint Augustine used by Charlemagne to rule his empire
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the system of agriculture used on the manor
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3 field system
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2 reasons for burning heretics at the stake
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1. example
2. purify soul |
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title given to Charlemagne by Pope Leo III on Christmas day in the year 800
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Holy Roman Emperor
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the most feared Barbarian invaders of the 9th and 10th centuries
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vikings
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the center of life during the Middle Agesq
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manor
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the group of peasants who were bound to the land
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serfs
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church court established in the Middle Ages to deal with heresy
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court of inquisition
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Why did Henry I of England establish a system of traveling judges throughout the country?
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to get rid of Feudal law and replace it with the kings law
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What problems did the Capetian Dynasty have to solve in order to establish a strong monarchy in France?
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gave English kings more land in France
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Into what two groups did England's Parliament become divided and what one power idd early Parliament have?
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House of Lords and House of Commons, their only power was to approve new tax laws
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To keep the kingdom of France from being divided, the custom of primogeniture was established by
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Hugh Capet
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The coronation of William the Conquerer in London in 1066 led to the establishment of the
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Norman Dynasty
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As a consequence of the reign of Alfred the Great
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a strong navy became a basic British policy
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Joan of Arc
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inspired the French to victory in the 100 years war
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Magna Carta
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made the king subject to the law in England
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War of the Roses
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struggle over British throne between Lancasters and Yorks, Henry Tudor won
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Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
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Alfred the Great ordered monks to write about the History of England
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long bow
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weapon that dominated the 100 years war
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Bayeaux Tapestry
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tapestry that tells of William of Normandy's conquest of England
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This country eventually won the Hundred Years war
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France
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victory in this battle gained William of Normandy the English throne
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Battle of Hastings
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British assembly which was created as a resutl of a noble uprising led by Simon de Montfort
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Parliament
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he was murdered in his cathedral at Canterbury
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Thomas Beckett
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The Treaty of Troyes made Henry V of England aslo king of this country
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France
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Henry Tudor defeated him to win the War of the Roses
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Richard III
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Crime for which Joan of Arc was tried and found guilty
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heresy
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Why did the middle class tend to support the political authority of kings over nobles?
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because of the benefits they could gain from uniform law from the kings
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How did the philosophical concepts of Ablard and Aquinas differ?
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Abelard-used the concept of reason only
Aquinas-used the concepts of reason and faith |
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How did Gothic architecture get its name?
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from the Italians, to ridicule the new style as barbaric
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Dante criticized society by using
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the souls of the dead
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The revival of trade led to the
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growth of towns in western Europe
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In the early Middle Ages, literature was kept alive by
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songs of the troubadours
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During the Great Western Schism
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three different individuals claimed to be pope
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conciliarism
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developed by council of constance, which made church council superior to pope, which ended the western schism
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avignon papacy
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popes ruled from France, instead of Rome
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free status
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most important of the rights of the townspeople, which said: if a person lived in a town for a year and one day unchallanged, then that person was free
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city captured by the fourth crusade
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constantinople
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country in western europe in which trade revived
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italy
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town organization which was made up of skilled workers only
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craft guild
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his Summa Theologica was intended to prove all Church doctrine
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thomas aquinas
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document by which feudal lords granted freedom to towns on their fiefs
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charters of liberty
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his Canterbury Tales is considered to be the first book in modern English
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Jeffrey Chaucer
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their persecution of Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land led to the Crusades
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seljuk turks
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architectural feature which made Gothic architecture possible
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flying buttresses
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What were two characteristics of humanism?
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Renaissance in thought characterized by life is worth living
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What was naturalism and what factors led to its development?
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the Renaissance in art-the ability to make paintings look real with shading, perspective, and color
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how did the concept of the universe differ between Copernicus and Kepler?
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both believed in the theory of heliocentric
Copernicus-perfect circles Kepler-ellipses |
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What was the long range significance of Newton's scientific concept of natural law?
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it would be used by other scholars in other fields of knowledge
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How did the view of salvation differ between Luther and Calvin?
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Luther-Salvation by Faith Alone
Calvin-Predestination |
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Hans Holbein gained importance during the Renaissance for his
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portraits of famous people
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Galileo was forced to appear before the Court of the Inquisition for his
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theory of the universe
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John Tetzel played a role in the start of the Reformation in Germany with his
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exaggerated claims on indulgences
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Michelangelo produced the
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ceiling of the Sistene Chapel
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The ruler of each German state picked the religion of his state according to the
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Peace of Augsburg
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The order of succession to the English throne as established by Henry VII was to be
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Edward-Mary-Elizabeth
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The peace of augsburg resulted in
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a religiously divided Germany
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the act of supremacy
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made the ruler of England head of its church
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The purpose of the Council of Trent was the
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bringing about of Church reform
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The Prince
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written by Machiavelli; was a guide for rulers about how they should rule based on "the ends justify the means"
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95 Theses
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written by Martin Luther, criticising church doctrine, challanging someone to debate him
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the city of the Renaissance
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florence
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greatest dramatist of the Renaissance
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Shakespeare
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significant improvement credited to John Gutenburg
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moveable type
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church created in England by Elizabeth I
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anglican church
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the famous portrait painted by DaVinci
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mona lisa
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the theory of the universe according to Ptolemy
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geocentric
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the two groups of English Calvinists
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Puritans and Pilgrims
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social class attracted to Calvinism
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middle class
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major religious changes in England took place during:
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the reigns of Henry VIII's children
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what was the long range significance of LaSalle's voyage down the Mississippi River in 1682?
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blocked westward expansion of Britain
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What were the two major policies of Peter the Great?
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westernization and warm water seaports
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What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris in 1763?
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France lost all of their north american empire
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what was the consequence of the defeat of the Armada?
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decline of Spain
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Fredinand and Isabella's marriage began:
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the unification of Spain
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the nation whose overseas empire was founded by private trading companies was
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England
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during the reign of Philip II
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Spain experienced a Golden Age
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Richelieu's goal for France was completed by
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Cardinal Mazarin
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Russia was to be the successor of the Byzantine Empire, or the 3rd Rome, according to
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Ivan IV
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The expansionist policies of Louis XIV would result in
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four World Wars
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Line of Demarcation
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a line drawn by the pope to prevent Spain and Protugal from fighting over possessions (colonies)
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Versailles
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where Louis XIV built the palace to symbolize the greatness of France
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Edict of Nantes
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passed by Henry IV, gave religious and political freddom to the Hugenots
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one result of Mongol rule on Russia
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no Renaissance
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First European nation to build an overseas empire
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Portugal
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The empire builder that was a "true colonizer"
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Spain
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Catherine the Great took part in the partition of Poland with both of these nations
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Prussia and Austria
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The Alliance formed by William III which defeated Louis XIV in the War of the Spanish Succession
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Grand Alliance
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title taken by Russian rulers, meaning "Caesar"
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Tsar
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Phase of the Seven years war fought in America
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French and Indian War
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Since they colonized the same areas, a potential for conflict existed between these two nations
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France and England
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Richeulieu's goal:
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to make the king supreme in France, and France supreme in Europe
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