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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thomas Hobbes
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British 1588-1649
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Cardinal Richelieu
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French 1585-1642
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Louis XIV
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French 1643-1715
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James I
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English 1603-1625
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Charles I
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English 1625-1649
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Chromwell
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English, commonwealth 1599-1658
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Charles II
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English 1660-1685
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James II
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English 1685-1688
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Galileo
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Italian 1564-1642
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Descartez
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French 1596-1650
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Newton
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English 1642-1727
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Baron de Montesquieu
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1689-1755, French judge. Wrote satire Persian Letters criticizing French morals and government. Sep of power, checks and balances, etc. "spirit of the laws"
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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1712-1778 swiss-born writer. radical political theory that noble savagery breeds equality and happiness, while private property created inequality. Social contract
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Voltaire
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1694-1778. reformer/philosophe. very prolific. candide was famous publication that criticized the monarchy using satire
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Hermetic doctrine
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all matter contains divine spirit
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empirical method
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the use of observation and experiments based on sensory evidence to come to ideas or conclusions about nature
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deductive reasoning
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deriving conclusions that logically flow from a premise, reasoning from basic or known truths
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Cartesian dualism
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philosophy of rene descartes 1596-1650 that defines two kinds of reality, the mind, or subjective thinking, and the body, or objective physical matter
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Scientific revolution
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16 and 17 c model of investigation and discoveries about nature based on observation and reason rather than tradition and authority
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Enlightenment
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18th c. cultural movement based on the ideas of the scientific revolution that supported the idea that human reason should determine the understanding of the world and rules of social life.
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Frederick William I
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Prussia 1713-1740. consumption tax for military reform. order, rationality, strict discipline, 83000 standing army
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Frederick the Great
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Prussia 1740-1786. Close to voltaire, enlightened. Wants to improve French absolutism, SERVE STATE, NOT STATE SERVE HIM
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Peter the great
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RUSSIA 1689-1725. wanted to learn from west, tries to modernize. military and social reforms, shave beards, wine and potatoes
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Empress Maria Theresa
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1740-1780 Austria, much enlightened reform
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Joseph II
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1780-1790 Austria, sincerely tried to be "enlightened." equality before law, restricted death penalty. good intentions but not well taken by ppl
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triangular trade system
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system of trade btw the america's, europe, and w. africa. slaves, labor, production, etc
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parlements
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a french court of law during the Old Regime
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