• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/30

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Skinner
Theorist who said learning occurs through operant conditioning, lang abilities shaped and happens bc children rewarded for correct speech and punished for incorrect speech
Bandura
Nurture theorist who said we learn language through observation, imitation
Language acquisition device (LAD)
innate knowledge of grammar that all humans possess
• Allows children to infer rules of speech from just hearing speech and then use rules to produce new complex speech
Chomsky
Theorist that we're biologically programmed to learn language and that as long as we are exposed to language we will learn it
Sensitive period hypothesis
suggests that brains before puberty are specially prepared to learn language
o Easy temperament
40%.
• High positive affect
• Adaptable to new experiences (change nap time, new food, new place)
• Easy to soothe
• Rhythmic
• Low distress – not irritable/distressed
o Difficult temperament
10%
• Low positive affect – don’t smile/interact, not happy
• High irritable distress
• Very active (when mad – scream, temper tantrum)
• Irregular eating/sleeping habits
• Hard to soothe
Slow to warm up temperament
15%
• High levels of fearful distress – timid/cautious
• Low activity level ( when upset, not as dramatic) – can be upset/mad but you don’t know it
• Slow to adapt to new experiences, but can eventually if given time
imprinting
innate form of learning in which young animal will follow and become attached to a moving object.
human imprinting
critical period during first 8-10 hours after birth for bonding.
-Without this experience mothers will never bond as strongly with infants.
Synchronized routines
harmonious interactions between people in which participants adjust behavior in response to partner’s feelings and behaviors.
Development of Infant’s Attachment to Caregiver
1. Asocial phase
2. Indiscriminate Attachments
3. Specific Attachments
4. Multiple Attachments
Asocial Phase
(birth to 6 weeks)
Responsive to anything, social or not.
Phase of Indiscriminate Attachments
(6 weeks to 6-7 months)
- At beginning, prefer social stimuli but aren’t picky.
-By 3-6 months: some preferences for familiar people, but still happy to interact with strangers
Specific Attachments Phase
(6-7 months to 9 months)
-Form first attachment
- Sad/scared when attachment figure leaves, happy when she/he returns, crawl around to be near
-Caregiving becomes "secure base"
Phase of Multiple Attachments
(9-18 months)
-Within weeks will form other attachments
-Likely to choose different attachment figures for different needs
separation anxiety
fear when separated from attachment figure
This starts at 6-8 months, peaks @ 14-18 months, fades throughout preschool. Fear when removed from attachment figure.
strange situation method
Method used to determine strength and quality of attachment involving child, parent and stranger interacting in different combinations. Look for secure base, relation to stranger, reaction to (post)separation
Secure attachment
65% of 1y.o. Parents are secure base, child is friendly to stranger with parent present and is upset with parent leaves. When P returns, child maintains contact until comfort, then explore
Insecure-resistant
10% of 1 y.o. This quality of attachment means nervousness, lack of trust, no secure base, child is scared of stranger with P present, distress when parent leaves, and ambivalence/resistance when P returns.
Insecure-avoidant
20% of 1 y.o. This quality of attachment means avoiding contact with P, varied response to strangers, lack of distress when parent leaves and/or returns
Insecure-disorganized/disoriented
5% of 1 y.o. with this quality of attachment. Don't know how to act. Combines anxious and avoidant reactions. Most insecure and most stressed of all qualities. When P returns, child with either avoid/resist or act confused/frightened
personal agency
An infants recognition that they can be the cause of an even. Means at 2-3 months the infant has sense of self.
Erikison
This theorist says main goal of adolescence is development of identity and that teens undergo ID crisis
Marcia
ID'ed 4 ID statuses based on level of commitment to aspect of ID and time experienced in that:
1.Identity diffusion
2.Identity moratorium
3.Identity foreclosure
4.Identity accomplishment
Identity Diffusion
Not committed, not experienced
Identity achievement
Committed, experienced
Identity moratorium
Not committed, experienced
Identity foreclosure
Committed, Not experienced
4 Factors that Influence ID dvpt
1. cognitive development
2. relationships with parents
3. scholastic influences
4. Social/historical context