Welfare Exam 3 Health And Disease

Front 1

Disease

Back 1

mental or physical state when the animal is harmed/disturbed

Front 2

Illness

Back 2

subjective sensation of experiencing a diseased state

Front 3

Sickness

Back 3

state of being ill, mind or body

Front 4

Health

Back 4

absence of illness or injury

Front 5

What types of diseases are there?

Back 5

1. Infectious (virus, bacteria, fungus)

2. Non-infectious (nutritional, neoplastic, autoimmune, and genetic)

Front 6

What is the body's first line of defense for fighting disease?

Back 6

Non-specific (innate) immunity

-anatomic barriers, inflammatory, phagocytes, and physiological barriers (pH, temperature)

Front 7

What is the second line of defense?

Back 7

Specific (Adaptive) Immunity- protects against certain pathogens

Front 8

Specific (Adaptive) Immunity

Back 8

-acquired immunity

-based on "ability" to determine self and nonself

-has memory

-requires lymphocytes (B and T cells)

Front 9

B cells vs. T cells

Back 9

Both start out in red bone marrow but B cells remain in bone marrow after maturation whereas T cells are released to other organs

Front 10

Cell-mediated immunity

Back 10

-T cells only recognize antigens that are presented by dendrites

-attach to antigen and self-destruct (apoptosis)

-stimulates other immune cells that contribute to cell death

-continued expression of antigen-specific membrane-bound receptors

Front 11

Humoral Immunity

Back 11

-B cells recognize antigen

-proliferate to form clones and plasma cells

-Plasma cells release antibodies that bind to antigen

-memory cells are also created for a more rapid response

Front 12

What are the steps involved in antibody production in B cells?

Back 12

1. Antigen enters tissue and binds to receptor

2. B cells are activated w/ T cell helpers

3. B cells proliferate into plasma or memory cells

4. Plasma cells synthesize and secrete antibodies that bind to antigen and help destroy it

Front 13

What are the steps involved in antibody production of T cells?

Back 13

1. Antigen-bearing agents enter cell

2. Macrophages phagocytize antigen-bearing agents; lysosomes digest agent

3. Antigens from the digested agents are are displayed on the surface membrane

4. Helper T cell becomes activated (based on specific antigen)

5. Cytokines stimulate B cells to proliferate

6. Some newly formed B cells turn into plasma cells and bind to antigens to destroy

Front 14

What are the main differences between B and T cells?

Back 14

Both start out in bone marrow

Differentiation:

-B cells stay in red bone marrow

-T cells go to thymus

Location

-B cells: lymphatic tissues, 20-30% of circulatory lymphocytes

-T cells: lymphatic tissues, 70-80% of circulatory lymphocytes
Primary Function

-B cells: interact indirectly w/ antigen through antibodies

-T cells: interact directly w/ antigens by self-destruction

Front 15

How do we manage disease?

Back 15

Make a disease assessment:

-severity of the situation

-Duration of the problem

-Number of animals affected

Front 16

What is a health plan?

Back 16

A written veterinary report should include:

-prevention and treatment plan

-health performance is recorded & reviewed

-action plans are developed

Front 17

What should be in a health plan?

Back 17

1. Biosecurity protocols

2. Quarantine for purchased animals

3. Vaccination schedule

4. Parasite control

5. Culling